Asylum - Immigration Glossary - Definition of Asylum

Asylum - Immigration Glossary - Definition of Asylum Asylum is the protection granted by a nation to a person who cannot return to their home country for fear of prosecution. An asylee is a person who seeks asylum. You may request asylum from the U.S. when you arrive at a U.S. port of entry, or after you arrive in the United States regardless of whether you are in the U.S. legally or illegally. Since its founding, the United States has been a sanctuary for refugees seeking protection from persecution. The country has granted asylum to more than 2 million refugees in the last three decades alone. Who is a Refugee? U.S. law defines a refugee as someone who: Is located outside the United States.Is of special humanitarian concern to the United States.Demonstrates that they â€Å"were persecuted or fear persecution due to race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or membership in a particular social group.†Is not firmly resettled in another country.Is admissible to the United States. A refugee does not include anyone who â€Å"ordered, incited, assisted, or otherwise participated in the persecution of any person on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.† So-called economic refugees, those the U.S. government considers to be fleeing poverty in their homelands, are not admissible. For example, thousands of Haitian migrants who washed up on Florida shores have fallen into this category in recent decades, and the government has returned them to their homeland. How Can Someone Obtain Asylum? There are two routes through the legal system for obtaining asylum in the United States: the affirmative process and the defensive process. For asylum through the affirmative process, the refugee must be physically present in the United States. It does not matter how the refugee arrived. Refugees generally must apply to U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services within on year of the date of their last arrival in the United States, unless they can show extenuating circumstances that delayed filing. Applicants must file Form I-589, the Application for Asylum and for Withholding of Removal, to USCIS. If the government rejects the application and the refugee does not have legal immigration status, then USCIS will issue a Form I-862, Notice to Appear, and refer the case to an immigration judge for resolution. According to USCIS, affirmative asylum applicants are rarely detained. Applicants may live in the United States while the government is processing their applications. Applicants can also remain in the country while waiting for a judge to hear their case but are seldom allowed to work here legally. Defensive Application for Asylum A defensive application for asylum is when a refugee requests asylum as protection against removal from the United States. Only refugees that are in removal proceedings in an immigration court can apply for defensive asylum. There generally are two ways refugees wind up in the defensive asylum process under the Executive Office for Immigration Review: USCIS has referred them to an immigration judge after the government has ruled them ineligible for asylum after going through the affirmative process.They were placed in removal proceedings because they were apprehended in the United States without proper legal documents or in violation of their immigration status. Or, they were caught trying to enter the United States without proper documents and designated for expedited removal. It’s important to note that defensive asylum hearings are court-like. They are conducted by immigration judges and are adversarial. The judge will hear arguments from the government and from the petitioner before making a ruling. The immigration judge has the power to grant the refugee a green card or decide whether the refugee may be eligible for other forms of relief. Either side can appeal the judge’s decision. In the affirmative process, the refugee appears before a USCIS asylum officer for a non-adversarial interview. The individual must provide a qualified interpreter for that interview. In the defensive process, the immigration court provides the interpreter. Finding a qualified lawyer is important for refugees trying to navigate the asylum process which can be long and complicated.

Morpheus Wisdom Quotes From The Matrix

Morpheus Wisdom Quotes From The Matrix For some, The Matrix is just another sci-fi movie, a slick production from Hollywoods dream factory, but for those who appreciate the philosophy of The Matrix, it is a wake-up call. The movie is considered to be ahead of its time. It challenges our understanding of perspective, reality, illusion and many other intriguing concepts. These Matrix quotes are words of wisdom from Morpheus, Neos spiritual leader and guide. Morpheus Quotes About the Matrix The Matrix is a system, Neo. That system is our enemy. But when youre inside, you look around, what do you see? Businessmen, teachers, lawyers, carpenters. The very minds of the people we are trying to save. But until we do, these people are still a part of that system and that makes them our enemy. You have to understand, most of these people are not ready to be unplugged. And many of them are so inert, so hopelessly dependent on the system that they will fight to protect it. Unfortunately, no one can be told what the Matrix is. You have to see it for yourself. The Matrix is the world that has been pulled over your eyes to blind you from the truth. The Matrix is a computer-generated dream world, built to keep us under control in order to change a human being into this. [holding a copper-top D cell battery] Morpheus on Reality and Illusion What is real? How do you define real? This is your last chance. After this, there is no turning back. You take the blue pill- the story ends, you wake up in your bed and believe whatever you want to believe. You take the red pill- you stay in Wonderland and I show you how deep the rabbit-hole goes. Im trying to free your mind, Neo. But I can only show you the door. Youre the one that has to walk through it. Have you ever had a dream, Neo, that you were so sure was real? What if you were unable to wake from that dream, Neo? How would you know the difference between the dream world and the real world? What you know you cant explain, but you feel it. Youve felt it your entire life, that theres something wrong with the world. You dont know what it is, but its there, like a splinter in your mind, driving you mad. If real is what you can feel, smell, taste and see, then real is simply electrical signals interpreted by your brain. Random Musings There is a difference between knowing the path and walking the path. Throughout human history, we have been dependent on machines to survive. Fate, it seems, is not without a sense of irony. We dont know who struck first, us or them. But we do know it was us that scorched the sky. At the time, they were dependent on solar power. It was believed they would be unable to survive without an energy source as abundant as the sun.

Developing a marketing plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Developing a marketing plan - Assignment Example Sony’s products are advertised through the world by sales companies and unaffiliated suppliers as well as direct trades via the Internet. Sony is also involved in advertising agency business and network services business in Japan among so many other activities. This paper seeks to establish Sony’s current industrial status in the market share and unearth the company’s secrets of success. Principally, the sole intention of this treatise is to bring into focus the Marketing Plan for Sony Corporation (Fujiwara, 2006). With many main products reputable and substantial market share, one can note that it is improbable for new competitors to overcome product identities that are conventional to maintain consumer trustworthiness. The copyrights that are possessed by Sony are a resilient obstacle since competitors find it costly to enter the same industry of production due to placement of patents and licenses and raised prices for the product. Sony Corporation, for a long time, has been, and still is, dominant in the electronic business. With its capacity to deliver durable and high-end products, Sony has built long-lasting relationships with their dealers. Their high business uniqueness and a worldwide network of business entities has enabled them establish a bargaining power of the suppliers and dealers like no other company. Because of this, dealers have found it hard to bargain down prices due to their loyalty, and high quality products produced by Sony. The introduction of the new Sony LED TV and the quality that comes in this product, is an example as to why dealers have lowered their bargaining power thus increasing level of Industry profits. The bargaining power of retailers and suppliers will depend mostly on the bargain power of end-users. This chain is what makes this phenomena a threat and may force a company to lower its prices that might lead to

Scope Risk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Scope Risk - Essay Example The move towards innovation is necessary as it can be stated that innovation is more important than acquiring the name of best company in the world. The other trend i.e. making shift in global market is necessary as it is regarded as one of the fundamental needs of the organizations in attracting huge customers along with increasing sales (Project Management Institute, 2012). The successful completion of a project requires the involvement of clients and their conduct of activities efficiently. In this case, if there lays the involvement of several members, it can create hindrance in the success of the project. In order to complete projects in a timely fashion by balancing the needs, initially a proper planning of the project would be made along with determining the actual number of members to be included in the project team. Then, proper allocation of tasks relating to the project must be provided to the actual number of members for the purpose of fulfilling the need to freeze project scope in a timely fashion (Global Knowledge Training LLC, 2013). In the context of slower economic growth, one of the viable and valid trends that would emerge is the changing economic conditions of the global market. The fact can be supported with the happening of global recessions in previous few years. Similarly, in the background of shifting global markets, a viable and a valid trend of improving the sales target for future rather than focusing upon developing the existing position in the business market would emerge (Project Management Institute, 2012). Based on the above discussion, it can be affirmed that a few of the factors such as innovation, shift in global market and economic growth are the elements that bring considerable changes in the operations of business organizations and identification of various opportunities. As per my understanding,

Close Reading about Poem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Close Reading about Poem - Essay Example . The opening of the poem, â€Å"my heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains† indicate that the mood of song is mellow (Keates Stanza 1 line 1). The author is trying to achieve the nightingale’s pure realm and escape from the troubles and darkness of the world through his drink. The nightingales’ voice sends him into a trance making him cheery and unable to focus on anything else. This is evident when he says, â€Å"Singest of summer in full-throated ease† (Keates Stanza 1 Line 10). His view of the world as a dark place is a product of his health problems and the fact that he became an orphan in his early teenage years and forced by circumstances to care for his sick brother. In as much as he is drunk, his tone is sober and enlightened. The nightingales’ songs turn his sorrow to joy and pain to pleasure. He imagines smelling flowers and drinking wine in the green country in the suns warmth and becoming one with the nightingale, â€Å"Fade far away, dissolve, and quite forget† (Stanza 3 line 1). This shows his longing of a lively, enjoyable world. He comes to his senses in the sixth stanza when the reality of his mortality hits him hard. He is attracted to the nightingales’ song and realizes that the bird is incapable of experiencing pain and comprehending the pain of death. To him the bird is immortal because many people transverse all generations and history have heard the nightingale sing. When the nightingale flies off, the speaker feels lonely and disappointed. He feels he lacks the freedom of the nightingales and yearns to come to such freedom and usefulness. Perhaps death is his release (Cunningham & Reich & Fichner 127). Finally, in understanding this poem it is noteworthy to mention that the poet composed this poem after the demise of his brother. The poem expresses the reality of the duality of human experiences using imagery and melancholy. The different

Quality Control

Quality Control DEFFINITION: Quality control is defined as the set of procedures intended to ensure that performed service or manufactured product sticks to a set of quality criteria or meets the requirements of the client. Quality control of a project is to determine the quality required for the products of the particular project.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Quality targets should meet all the basic requirements defined by the authorities of the project. Project management body of knowledge(PMBOK) approaches: Standards organisations for quality management system: ISO 9000 series ISO 9001:2008 rules Six sigma Ishikawa Crosby ISO 9001:2008 rules:- It is a set of procedures that cover all key processes in the business. Checking outputs for defects and correction where necessary Regularly checking quality system for effectiveness. Roles and responsibilities of quality manager: Roles of quality manager: You must be act as an objective observer even when you are looking at the subjective issues. When you ask questions you have to take a step backwards from answers. So that all you looking for data-whether numbers, reports and it may be observations. This combined data will lead you to what you need to know. Quality is not a finger pointing exercise for you or your employees. It is an honesty and open method to get the solutions at the objective observation. First of all look quality within your area before taking on to the world. Responsibilities of quality manager: Assist the preparation of the Quality Plan for each projectà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Assign different roles to product managers and related stakeholders in the development of test procedures or whatever is needed to complete the preparation of Quality Control procedures.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Make sure that the stakeholders requirements from all products and services are well documented and prepared against the final products or services.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Install some updates to the Quality Plan to check problems at handà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Provide feedback to the project manager on a regular basis or on demandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Conduct some additional audits or Quality Control reviews by demand of the project manager.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Assist various stakeholders in the process of improving production processes, QC processes or any other aspects of the ICT resources that need improvement.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Relation between process group and quality management process: Quality management has three kinds of processes Quality planning process Quality assurance process Quality control process 1. Quality planning: It serves which quality standards are relevant to the project and how to satisfy those standards .applying those quality standards in to project design is a key part of quality planning. quality plan should not be very long or expensive to produce them. It serves as plan and communication tool in the project. Inputs to quality planning: Scope statement which describes the vision of project. Organisational project assets which gives the lessons learned from the previous project Database which contains policies and procedures. Tools and techniques used in quality plan: Common sense is main tool when you decide the quality. Cost of quality is one of them. Quality objectives: It is a Systematic reflection and evaluation during different phases. Sets quality goals in the available time plan. Observing the priority areas which are necessary in the project. identifies strengths and potentials for improvement. Gives the measurements for the development of project. Outputs to quality management: There should be a list which describes tools and techniques used. A clean view which explains how do we measure quality. List of names who will review the quality. Check list gives feed back from all the viewers. Check list of quality  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Attachments Quality control management Document identification: scope plan Resource plan Schedule Budget Benchmarks Verification Testing Time estimate criteria Cost estimate criteria Technical procedures Technical policies Communications ISO standards PMI standards Customer satisfaction criteria 2. Quality assurance: It is the application of systematic, planned approach to make sure that the project will employ all processes to meet requirements of the project. Quality assurance activities performed by quality manager: Skilled staff: should have knowledge, skills, experience required to keep the project on track. Peer Reviews: peer reviewers discuss about the quality issues found and actions that have to be followed in order to correct the quality issues. Use of templates: provides guidance to the project team members. Checklists: gives quality requirements are fulfilled or not. Gives feed back from all the viewers. 3. Quality control process: It contains monitoring results to see whether they comply with the relevant quality standards. It finds ways to deletes the unsatisfactory results from the project. Control ensures that whatever is delivered to the customer meets the expectations of the projects. Quality control includes the measuring, checking, and auditing of the tasks of the project. Targets of quality management: They should be: Accepted by all the existed participants, Measurable by quantitative parameters, Realistic, should be on track with the available resources Specific, qualitative statements.

Jan Mikulicz-Radecki :: Biography

Introduction Despite the passage of over a hundred years from the death of Jan Mikulicz-Radecki, the student of Theodor Billroth (1829 – 1894), and the founder of the the Wroclaw school of surgery, his name quite frequently appeared in the first decade of the XXI century. It appeared in articles concerning the historical background of modern European surgery [1-5] and in researches relating to the modern treatment of chronic diseases, which are now cured within the confines of internal medicine, ophthalmology and dermatology [6-12]. What is more, a great importance of the achievements that Mikulicz made for the development of modern techniques in surgery of the gastrointestinal tract [13, 14] and the thyroid [15] is indicated. His contribution to the development of gastrointestinal endoscopic examination earned him a well-deserved title of the â€Å"father of surgical endoscopy† [16]. His contemporaries called Mikulicz â€Å"a king in the kingdom of Surgeons†. He obtained exc ellent results in surgical treatment of patients using innovative, for that times, aseptic techniques [17, 18]. The researchers of history of medicine are frequently lacking the fact of Mikilicz’s interdisciplinary attitude towards diagnosis and the treatment of patients. The impact on the shaping of this attitude had both; his professional training, which took place in Vienna under the tutelage of Billroth [19, 20], and his broad interests that extend far beyond the field of surgery, and even beyond medicine. A fact that should be emphasized is the establishment by Mikulicz and Bernhard Naunyn (1839-1925) [21, 23] of an interdisciplinary journal â€Å"Mitteilungenaus den Grenzgebieten der Medizinund Chirurgie†, which integrated surgery and internal medicine. Owing to Mikulicz’s broad research interests, his name is frequently mentioned in everyday clinical practice not only among contemporary surgeons but also by dermatologists. Mikulicz explained the pathogene sis of the rhinoscleroma and described the cells characteristic of this disease, which were later named after him [24, 25]. He also described a disease of the salivary and lacrimal glands of a noninflammatory character, which until now exists in the international medical nomenclature as Mikulicz disease [6, 11] not to be confused with the Sjà ¶gren’s syndrome [26]. He has also developed an innovative method for treating difficult to heal wounds and ulcers of the skin using preparations containing iodine and maÅ›ciÄ… lapisowÄ… with Peruvian balm [25]. This ointment (also called Mikulicz ointment) to this day is used in surgical practice and dermatology. Family and Education Jan Mikulicz-Radecki was born on May 16, 1850 in Czerniowce in Bukowina.

Poverty and Crime Essay

Poverty can be defined as the deprivation of basic needs or necessities. These are things that are required by human beings for them to survive for example shelter, clothing, food and water. Poverty causes pain and stress to those who suffer from it but according to the Christians, it is seen as a positive thing that makes them more faithful and lack of these properties is deemed virtuous. On the other hand, crime is seen as the violation of rules and regulations of the state. When this is done, the culprit is regarded as a criminal. Acts of crime are punishable by law if one is convicted guilty of committing a particular offense. see more:essays on crime Poverty and crime are interrelated as poverty is an independent variable while crime is the dependant variable and manipulation of one has an effect on the other, that is if poverty is reduced the rate of crime would definitely go down. This research paper is geared towards brining to the light the relationship between poverty and crime. Do they have a correlation? There have been claims that poverty leads to crime and this cannot be denied as in America today, crime prevalence is registered in zones that are inhabited by the poor Americans. It is not a usual thing for a place to have high rate of crime without the cause for it. Poverty is not only confined to the poor third world countries as even in America, United Kingdom and other developed nations there are people who live in penury. In the United States, the poor live in housings known as ghettos and the most affected are the African Americans. Many people refute the claim that poverty is the causal factor of crime. For example in Boston, in the 1830s there were very many cases of crime, which to many was attributed to poverty. This became a challenge to the inhabitants who in a bid to reduce the level of crimes formed charity organizations that were meant for helping these poor people. Many people thought that the poor people are the ones who commit mistakes so these organizations that were formed were designed to reduce the number of African Americans in the war. (Sampson RJ. 1987) In the United States of America, it is reportedly said that the number of blacks in prisons is much higher than those that are in educational institutions. In Boston, it was assumed that because women were the ones who went for charity items, which were given for free by the Boston’s charity organizations. Here, this was not the case as in Boston as the number of women who were imprisoned was 12. 25 percent and not forgetting that this figure comprised women of all nationalities. This research contradicted the much-theorized belief that poverty and crime are related. Some crimes that are associated with poverty do not have a correlation when they are closely scrutinized. These are crimes such as vandalism, arson and wanton destruction of properties. Why would a poor person destroy some properties that could he/she could use? Poor people are forced by poverty to turn to crime. In most assault cases, the victims claim that they lost their properties so it can be confidently be said that the perpetrators are people who cannot afford those commodities and so they think that the only way they could access them is only through assaulting the rich and becoming robbers. According to sociologists, there is a very strong connection between, the crime rate and the families break ups in the United States’ towns and cities. Cities that are occupied by the blacks have reported increase in violent crime rate and this is attributed to the prevalence of the female-headed families. Pager D. 2001) As per the 1980s research, the ratio of whites to blacks that were engaged in violent crimes was not in proportion. According to the 1983 statistics, more murder and assault cases in Chicago took place in areas that were inhabited by the African American and the Latino residents who were low-income earners. This attests to the fact that there is a relationship between crimes and poverty and this is undeniable, if this is not the case, then why is it that areas that are occupied by the poor register so many crimes? The past researches that were done in the 1980s expressed a connection between single parent headed families with crime prevalence and especially in black households. In 1984, all the black families were under female parents and this trend is still growing as the numbers of families with two parents are constantly on the decline. Of all the 360,000 families that lived on five thousand dollars and below, females headed fifty seven percent of them. The ratio of families that were headed by single women between the blacks and the whites were 74 percent to 26 percent. In Chicago, females own most of the poor households and especially the ghettos. So the increase in female households and most particularly those in the ghettos have a relationship between the high rate of dependency and poverty. (Pridemore W. A. and Kim S. W. 2007) A statistical analysis that was done in hundred and fifty cities in America attributes rise in female-headed families to poverty. This is because when men are not employed they move out of these cities and go to look for jobs leaving behind their wives and this causes family disruptions. In turn, this family break-up leads to the rise in crime rates and especially in blacks residential places. Low income contributes to marriage separations as well as divorce cases. Children from families that are headed by a female parent are prone to indulge themselves in juvenile delinquency. When children are raised in poor households they do not even have the proper education that they deserve and this becomes a vicious circle whereby poverty is caused by lack of relevant skills and education. This makes it hard to secure oneself a good job that can help one to achieve their needs thereby becoming even poorer. Marital and family break ups weaken the social control mechanisms that are vital in reducing the crimes rate. When these social control means are in force people look at each other as their brother or sister, they develop a ‘we feeling’ and they protect each other properties. They also help one another to resolve their disputes but when family bonds are weakened, this problem is transferred to the society that is made up of families. The result is that socialism is substituted by individualism or in other words, people become egoistic and everything they do is meant of them and only them. People devise short cuts of acquiring wealth and this means robbery, assault and murder as per the situation demands. George F. Et Al. 2008) When family bonds are strong, both parents assist each other in taking care of the children and they are well socialized to know the social expectations but when households are headed by only one parent, the attention that should be given to the children is divided among other things and it is obvious that when a child lacks proper attention, guidance and counseling, they become juvenile criminals. Therefore family disruptions as a result of poverty leads to rise in female headed families, which in turn leads to juvenile delinquency. In the United States of America, there are some states that have very high crime rate and yet the residents are not poor and there are some states where people are very poor and yet the crime rate is very low. This makes the debate over whether poverty has a relationship with crime very controversial. These claims are contradicted by the research findings on other areas findings in other areas where 53 percent of all the inmates are people from poor areas where they earned about less than 10,000 U. S dollars in a year. According to the economic theory, people weigh options before they commit crimes. It is said that people engage themselves in crime only and only if the anticipated gains are more than the loss. (George F. Et Al. 2008) The obvious logical conclusion that can be inferred from this is that people who are poor and those who live in poverty-stricken households are more prone to community crimes than those who are not poor. Those people who are wallowing in poverty are more likely to commit crimes such as larceny, robbery, burglary and selling drugs and surveillance delinquency. If this is the case, then poor households and prisons should do something to reverse the situation. This is because if poverty level goes up so does the crime rates and this in turn impacts on the prisons that get highly populated with criminals. The government should come up with measures that would help in breaking this relationship because this trend affects the correctional departments. There is no way you can correct the behavior of poor people because they are situational criminals. It is only that they are forced by circumstances to commit crimes. The only viable option of controlling or reducing the crime prevalence is to economically empower the poor citizens. The fact that poverty and crime are interrelated is evident in the case of Detroit city, which is among the poorest cities in the United States of America. Poor citizens inhabit the surrounding area of this town. The system is marred by extreme poverty and loss of social control mechanisms. Most of the students who join campuses never graduate because before they could graduate, they get involved in criminal acts that render some of them in jails. Another thing that leads to the rise of criminal activities is the fact that in societies there are two extreme ends, and these are the rich and the poor. In the United States the gap between the haves and have-nots is very high something that intrigues poor people to steal or engage in other forms of criminal activities just to earn their living. If a rich person is living in close proximity to the poor households, there is high probability that he/she will become a victim of assault, loss of properties and even robbery. This happens because the poor thinks that the rich are the ones who are making them poor and therefore they develop some bitterness that is only resolved by attacking them. (George F. Et Al. 2008) There are various causes of poverty and some of them are high living standards. In most developed notion such as Japan, United States and others, it is not easy to live in cities if you depend on a low paying job. People might be employed but the living standards should be very high. This situation impoverishes the citizens for they find it hard to make the both ends meet. What the government should do is that it should provide those poor American households that belong to the poor with some house allowance so that they can lead a normal life. This would help in reducing the bridge gap the gap between the rich and the poor which unless something is done soon, the gap is still widening. The lack of proper skills and education, limits ones chances of getting a good job Poor people cannot afford to provide for their children with good education that would make them competitive and this is why we should break the vicious cycle of poverty. Many Americans are poor because they cannot secure themselves some good jobs probably because there are no jobs or they do not academically qualify for those jobs. The government should devise ways and means of breaking this cycle. Bursary system or subsidized education for the poor should be provided. This would offer the poor a chance to compete with those from the wealthy households. If this is done the high drop out rate from schools would be reversed as this is what has led to increased juvenile crimes because young children who should be in schools go to loiter in the streets as they cannot even afford to be in school. When these children receive high quality education, they would be able to look for well paying jobs that would help them in uplifting their living standards thereby breaking the vicious cycle. Poverty is partly caused by lack of employment. Another thing that the government should do is to enforce the laws that deal with crimes. The judicial systems should make some reforms that would help it to ensure that justice is upheld. In the 1980s, the judicial system was very reluctant such that criminals received lesser punishment than they deserved something that greatly contributed to the rise in crime. The criminal laws should be made stronger though that they could bite hard. From the research findings, it is evident now that there is a relationship between the rate of poverty and crime rates. Though there have been arguments that indicate otherwise, much of the evidence that has been collected point to the fact that the relationship between the two does exist. There have been claims that there are some states that are very poor and yet there are no high crime rates and that there are others that are among the highest in crime levels any yet the inhabitants not poor. This evidence cannot be downplayed for in every case there must be some exceptions and assumptions that have to be made. Both claims should be weighed well to know which one is truthful and in this case, the truth is that poverty lures people to become criminals.

buy custom Development of Saudi Education essay

buy custom Development of Saudi Education essay Places of education in the early era; In Saudi Arabia there were a number of learning places in the early times but a few of the places were identified before the Islam state. These few main learning places in the early era of the Peninsula are; Kuttab; This learning place was open to all people in the society regardless of their societal status. There was the separation and grouping of people according to age. The aged people were given there own Kuttab. Education here is generally free. The teacher will not ask for anything but some parents may decide to give something such as money, food or clothing. Before the coming of Islam there were few Kuttabs in few places where kids could memorize the Quran apart from learning basic reading, writing, arithmetic and morals,(Ho,2011). Halqah (Study circle); According to earlier information from Britannica Encyclopedia each mosques used to have a number of study circles. The teacher used to be seated on a dais while the pupils gather themselves in a semicircle in front of him and listening to him. Circles in the mosque had variety in approach, course content, size, and teaching quality. The teacher used the method of instruction that emphasized on lectures and rote memorization. Teachers were respected by the learners as were seen as the final people in education as their lectures were meticulously recorded in notebooks by the learners. Sometimes students could from one place to another in search for good teachers more especially those teaching the Hadith (sayings of Prophet Mohammed). There you could find a large number of them that additional teacher was required. Palaces schools; These are Special classes for special wealthy classes of people who wanted special and qualitative education for their children. These palace schools used to choose good lectures to teach their children in a more advanced reading, writing and good morals in the society, (Ho, 2011). Badiah (Rural or Bedouins places and life); In these places people were allowed to learn the strong basis of Arabic language this is because people used to meet in the cities with different languages and culture. Therefore, there was the need to a uniform Arabic language for all, (Oberon, 2001). Bookstores; This was a place where people used to sell and buy books, but it was also a place for discussions and meetings between scholars and educators in the Peninsula Scholars houses; This was a house open to all student scholars who wanted to continue with this scholarship for long time. It also refers to the special classes that were held for gifted and special cases students besides the public classes organized in Halqah. Mosques (Masjed in Arabic); The mosques was also used as the court, conferences, learning centers, meeting points and early Kuttabs and Halqah used for teaching, up to then there are still a number of Halqah in Saudis mosques,(Ho,2011). Thus one can say that these places were helpful in the past in satisfying the peoples educational needs. However these places each had its limitations that could not allow efficient services. Places of education before the establishment of Saudi Arabia; Ottoman Empire: ending 1916; This was a great empire which involved each part of the country including the Arabian Peninsula. It later on became a problem in the whole area. The empire had put more emphasis on the Islamic region than the western region because of the importance that was associated with Mecca and Maddinah in Islamic world. The empire began schools in the wheaten regions which later became grounds for their supporters. They also changed the school language from Arabic to Turkish. The few people accepted and continued learning in these schools as majority turned them down, (Ho, 2011). Hashemy era: 1916 1924; This is when Shareef Hussein Bin Ali led Arab revolution against Turk and Ottoman Empire which had humiliated the people. Then he led the people into dropping any kind of Turkish influences in their lifestyle especially in education. He facilitated for the closure of all Turkish schools as he involved the scholars in establishing new educational systems. In a period of one year there was a great and changed system that started from preparing school, then advance elementary school and finally high secondary school. This made People find there way to education. He made the people aware of the importance of education thereby motivating them. Early Saudi; By 1926 the Arabian Peninsula was still divided into several portions. King Abdul-Aziz Ibn Saud in 1926 became the king of the Hejaz and Sultan Nejd and Dependencies While On September 18, 1932, Ibn Saud was proclaimed king of Saudi Arabia. It marked the final unification of the divide country into empires. Formal and organized education systems in Saudi Arabia did not exist until 1948. Before then there existed a traditional educational system called Kuttab in the Arabian Peninsula. During this period, these schools were only meant for boy-child only. The girl-child was taught by the mothers at home and boys were taught by men in Kuttab schools. The Kuttab schools were situated in the mosque or in the homes of teachers. These teachers used to be the Imam. When the kingdom of Saudi Arabia was established, public education in the Arabian Peninsula was limited to only elementary schools. The traditional curriculum of this education was reduced to rote memorization of the Quran as well as to reading and writing Arabic. In 1925, Kuttab schools were replaced by the formal schools controlled by the government. But this time round literacy of the people had spread almost all over the Arabian Peninsula, (Ho, 2011) The Educational System in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; During the era of Hashemy, King Abdulaziz started the first formalized education in 1925 at a place called the Directorate of Education. This was first placed within the Ministry of the Interior. This was due to the fact that there was limited educationist to start and run the department on its own. The Egyptians ere called in for assistance in teaching and financing the curriculum. On the other hand the Egyptian educational model was following the footsteps of the English educational model thus it indirectly introduced it to the Saudi Educational model. Due to the increased demand for education new educational regulations were introduced by the General Directorate of Education. The Directorate was now allowed to control the Saudi educational affairs for the first time. As a result of all this development, in 1925 the first government school in Saudi Arabia was started. Several of these schools were established in 1936 which became full-fledged elementally schools three years later. The entire school population at this time was only 2319 pupils in the whole country. But the demand for education grew further as the country advanced to the new era. The number of elementary schools grew up to 182 in 1949, carrying a total number of 21,409 pupils, (Ho, 2011). In 1963 the supreme committee for education was established to supervise educational activities in the country. The spending on the education sector has been tripling from 1970 to 2000.in 2004 the public spending on education was 6.8 per cent of the GDP The Structure and Curriculum of Public Education; Public education in Saudi consists of three levels of education. This levels are; elementally, intermediate and secondary level. The school year consists of two semesters which have fifteen weeks each. Length of the lesson in a class is forty five minutes, (Bibme, 2007). Pre-primary education; Children aged between 3-5 years can join Kindergarten. Kindergarten is not considered as the pre-requisite for joining intermediary level and its not part of the education ladder in Saudi. However some nurseries have been developed by the government plan to alleviate this level of education. According to information from the government sources, up to around 100,714 children were schooling in pre-primary school as per the 2007 records. Elementary education; This level consists of six grades; students begins going to school at the age of six years. The curriculum here focuses on the Islamic education, Arabic language, mathematics, history, geography and sciences. Instead of physical education, the girls take feminine education, (Warlick, 2010). Subjects Hours Per Week First Grade Second Grade Third Grade Fourth Grade Fifth Grade Sixth Grade Islamic Studies 9 9 9 9 9 9 Arabic Studies 12 9 9 9 8 8 Social Studies 0 0 0 2 2 2 Science 1 2 2 2 3 3 Mathematics 2 4 4 5 5 5 Art Education 2 2 2 1 1 1 Physical Education 2 2 2 2 2 2 Total Hours 28 28 28 31 31 31 Table of the elementary school curriculum Intermediate education; To enter the intermediate education one has to pass the sixth grade in the elementary education the ages of entry is between 12-15 years. Here students add more general education courses besides Islamic and Arabic languages,(Warlick,2010). This level goes for three years. Upon passing of the examination the student is made to select among the following three options to advance in; (1) regular secondary school, (2) vocational education, (3) Quran schools. The following is the table detailing the curriculum in this level of education; Subjects Hours Per Week First Grade Second Grade Third Grade Islamic Studies 8 8 8 Arabic Studies 6 6 6 English 4 4 4 Science 4 4 4 Mathematics 4 4 4 Art Education 2 2 2 Physical Education 1 1 1 History 2 2 2 Geography 2 2 2 Total Hours (Boys) 33 33 33 Secondary Education; The first secondary education was established in 1926. This came as a result of the development of the foreign preparatory school in 1937. The main aim of this education was to prepare the students for higher education in Egypt universities. Thus most of the teachers were hired from Egypt together with their curriculum structure. It takes a maximum of three years. Due to economic development in the oil, commercial and industrial sectors, secondary education expanded between1950s and 1960s, (Oberon, 2001). Higher Education Higher education in Saudi lasts for fours in humanities and social science fields while in medicine, engineering and pharmacy takes five to six years. Upon completion and passing of secondary education, one joins university education. The first university was developed in 1957 and was called King Saud University. It was the first of its own in the Arab states. Currently there are twenty four public universities and many private colleges and universities in Saudi. This university also consists of colleges and departments that offer diplomas, bachelor, master and PhD degrees in various specializations and community services as well. Some offers distance learning programmes, (Oberon, 2001). The demand for higher education has been increasing from one year to another. In the year 2005, King Abdullah introduced a government scholarship program to sponsor Saudi students to study in western foreign universities. They mostly studied in United States, Canada, France, and German among others. Conclusion The development of the Saudi education has been a long process. The process has led to the renovation of the traditional education systems to the modern efficient education systems. The study of this development in education began from when the country had not been formed into an independent state and through this we are made to see the way the people were organized into informal learning systems. Due to devotion and willingness of the people of Saudi to learn more and know more, they together with their government developed their system of education that suits their religious, commercial and industrial needs. They borrowed some of its curriculum and teachers from Egypt in order to facilitate positive educational growth. Today, the country being an Islamic state has seen the importance of the Western education. Thus it has incorporated within its education programs resources to send their learners into foreign western universities to learn new technologies. This clearly indicates the characteristics of a developing nation. Buy custom Development of Saudi Education essay

Youth Role in India Development Essays

Youth Role in India Development Essays Youth Role in India Development Essay Youth Role in India Development Essay Mobile Youth Trends India Report 2010 The Mobile Youth Trends India Report 2010 Table of Contents Published May 2010 The Mobile Youth Trends India 2010 Report provides marketing and product managers and overview of both the quantitative and qualitative state of play with young mobile customers (aged 5-29). With both key market ownership statistics (from ARPU by age to churn rates) and behavioural patterns analyzed, we aim to help you better understand market direction and motivators. Produced with our local Indian research partner and based on 10 years of global mobile youth research methodologies practises across 65 markets. ww. mobileyouth. org phone: 44 (0) 207 386 3635 Josh. [emailprotected] org Mobile Youth Trends India Report 2010 What is mobileYouth? mobileYouth is both a study of the universe of young people and a guide to better develop and market products for these consumers. It’s all too easy to get lost in the technology, the non-sensical self-talk of the internet, mobile and media industries when sometimes the smallest things create the biggest leverage in customers satisfaction. Building dialogue and trust with young consumers through internal change Points of change typically revolve around: Building proactive dialogue with consumers rather than â€Å"listening† Change through adopting new internal language and semantics (e. g. dumping useless terms such as â€Å"killer applications†, â€Å"value chains†, â€Å"end users† etc in favor of â€Å"services†, â€Å"value networks†, â€Å"consumers†) Integrating the product development and marketing processes Creating consumer advocacy through establishing the company within the peer group Experimenting with youth as brand stakeholders Measuring internal performance and KPI through â€Å"lifetime customer value† rather than â€Å"net adds† From Apple to Zain We’ve been covering 65 countries now since the project’s inception and it continues to grow, bringing on board new and exciting clients who we have the privilege of working with and learning from for the first time from McDonald’s to Adidas to Apple to the European Commission. It doesnâ €™t really get much better than that in terms of scope and scale for consumer insight. www. mobileyouth. org phone: 44 (0) 207 386 3635 Josh. [emailprotected] org Mobile Youth Trends India Report 2010 www. mobileyouth. rg phone: 44 (0) 207 386 3635 Josh. [emailprotected] org Mobile Youth Trends India Report 2010 4 Key Youth Trends Key Trend #1 Growth Saturation Youth mobile ownership India Infographic India joins The Big 5 Youth mobile markets Mobile user profile 1 Handset device share Mobile youth revenues Multiple mobile account ownership in India Mobile user profile 2 Youth Metro Affluent vs. Youth Rural Emergent forecast growth Indian villages and Rural Emergents Rural Emergent Mobile Youth User Profile What influences Rural Emergents? Key Trend #2 Mobile Number Portability Accelerates Churn Key Trend #3 Youth Rural Emergents www. mobileyouth. org phone: 44 (0) 207 386 3635 Josh. [emailprotected] org Mobile Youth Trends India Report 2010 Key Trend #4 The Rise of Mobile Internet VAS breakdown of services Mobile Social Networking by City Customer Profiles www. mobileyouth. org phone: 44 (0) 207 386 3635 Josh. [emailprotected] org Mobile Youth Trends India Report 2010 Action Plan What are the key action points for mobile companies in India? Appendix Data Tables 1. Youth population by age group 5-9, 10-14, 15-18, 19-24 and 25-29 years, 2006 to 2010 2. Youth mobile ownership by age group 5-9, 10-14, 15-18, 19-24 and 25-29 years, 2006 to 2010 3. Youth mobile penetration by age group 5-9, 10-14, 15-18, 19-24 and 25-29 years, 2006 to 2010 4. Youth mobile churn rates by age group 5-9, 10-14, 15-18, 19-24 and 25-29 years, 2006 to 2010 5. Youth Average spend on mobile 2006 to 2010 6. Mobile spend on data and voice calls split by age group 5-9, 10-14, 15-18, 19-24 and 25-29 years, 2006 to 2010 Who should read this report? www. mobileyouth. rg phone: 44 (0) 207 386 3635 Josh. [emailprotected] org Mobile Youth Trends India Report 2010 * Business managers developing a value proposition or marketing plan to create internal change or focus internal resources on youth related projects * Product managers tasked with driving uptake with young consumers * Segment managers who want to understand the steps necessary to maximise customer value * Strategists deve loping execution roadmap for youth related business units Methodology The annual mobileYouth reports are a combination of quantitative and qualitative research. obileYouth provides in-depth analysis of issues facing companies engaging with young consumers worldwide. Each report covers a single strategic subject areasubjects deemed worthy of detailed analysis by   our clients, major industry players who use our studies in their  strategic  planning. Each report sets up the issues and market conditions, describes the players, cites the market factors, and projects marketplace trends. Written clearly and concisely, each report makes full use of charts and graphs to present market data and projections. It is important for us that our information is as reusable as possible and where required charts, tables and graphs are presented in a format which can be easily extracted and re-used in presentations and reports. First launched in 2001, mobileYouth is an ongoing study of the behavioural and consumption trends of young people worldwide hence there is no project start or end date – all research work is ongoing and we are increasing the use of video interviews so that our clients can hear directly from what young people are telling them. Our research approach is the same for each study, a typical report begins with a scan of our internal databases and secondary sourcesthe fastest www. mobileyouth. org phone: 44 (0) 207 386 3635 Josh. [emailprotected] org Mobile Youth Trends India Report 2010 way for an analyst to review current market conditions. Next, analysts conduct primary interviews in the marketplace to cross-check secondary sources and gather additional data for a preliminary market assessment. We then compile the baseline information and use it to build a tentative market odel. We size the market, determine upside/downside market potential, and look for factors that could alter future market conditions. At this stage, we often feed discrete findings back to knowledgeable industry players to test assumptions. We then test the markets assumptions against what young consumers are telling us in our qualitative research. Each year we interview thousands of young people and in some cases their parents across 20 c ountries including UK, USA, Germany, Japan, China, India, Singapore, South Africa etc. In 2008 we added Ukraine, Philippines, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Brazil and Malaysia due to meet client needs. Finally, the findings go through an internal review, where senior staff members probe and challenge assumptions. Only upon a satisfactory conclusion of this review is the study deemed ready for our thorough editorial process and final publication. About the Authors Born in the UK, Graham Brown has spent his life living and working in both London and Tokyo. A keen psychology graduate, Graham has focused his marketing career on understanding what influences consumer behavior. Graham established mobileYouth in 2001 with Josh Dhaliwal at a time when the blanket industry response to youth was â€Å"we don’t do kids†. Needless to say, things have changed a little since then and Graham’s role in the organization has evolved from knocking on the doors of operators to maintaining the research momentum and deepening our understanding of what the consumer wants. As well as speaking at industry conferences on the subject of young www. mobileyouth. org phone: 44 (0) 207 386 3635 Josh. [emailprotected] org Mobile Youth Trends India Report 2010 consumers, Graham has appeared on CNBC, Sky, CNN and BBC TV regarding youth marketing issues as well as in print with the FT, Guardian, WSJ and the Sunday Times. Samyak Chakrabarty is amongst the countrys youngest Media Entrepreneurs. While being the only Indian Youth Marketer at the ‘Global Youth Research Partnership’, He has spoken at various national and international forums on Youth behaviour engagement strategies.

The Ministers Black Veil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Ministers Black Veil - Essay Example Milton Stewart’s comment is remarkable in this regard, â€Å"Evil will forever reign over good, for the peccable, weak souls of todays youth are for more intelligent than any of us will ever be.† Nathaniel Hawthorne has incorporated this theme in some of his works of great significance, for instance, ‘The Scarlet Letter’ and ‘Young Goodman Brown’. Hawthorne through his work ‘The Minister’s Black Veil’ tends to identify individual flaw with universal character of mankind using a symbol, which hides the physical but reveals the abstract. The short story of Hawthorne uses the black veil as a symbol, which gains prominence in the very title of the story. The black veil predominates the very plot and theme of the story. The story initiates in front of the church where the funeral ceremony of a young maiden is being held and the minister appears with a black veil covering more than half of his face. Only his mouth and chin were visible and the onlookers search for the reason behind it. When he bends over the maiden the veil hangs such that if the corpse’s eyes are open she can see his face. This again raises a question about the reason why he is hiding his face and what his â€Å"secret sin† is. He immediately catches the veil with his hand to keep the face covered. Even his wife cannot get a definite answer and the minister declares that he is going to wear the veil throughout his life. Many critics have questioned the purpose of using the veil but according to Carnochan, the black veil serves more as a à ¢â‚¬Å"symbol of symbols† than simply a â€Å"parable of guilt†. The purpose of the veil is to reflect a meaning on one hand and on the other, hide it – â€Å"inviting speculation and resisting it† (Freedman, 354). Once the face is revealed the significance of the veil will be lost. The purpose of using the veil in the story is to initiate emotions of an individual. The plot tactfully reveals the curiosity of the townspeople,

Global goverance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Global goverance - Essay Example Globally, people were living in peace and harmony; they openly and freely were visiting to almost all states of the world. During the visits, they did not give much consideration to the issues such as caste, color, race, religion and other social, political and religious factors. Without any fear; they were sharing their beliefs and ideas with one another. Even if, they came across that a particular person belongs to a specific religious or political identity, it was not given much importance. However, soon after the attacks of 9/11, a new frame of mind came into existence. Extremist groups do not differentiate between an innocent people and their targets. Extremist groups can be extremist individuals, terrorist outfits, and hostile governments. Terrorists cannot be limited to one particular nation, tribe, sect, religion; rather they can come from any side of the social spectrum. They can be local, national, international groups. And these groups do not much differentiate between a t arget and an innocent person. To achieve their inhumane objectives, which they venerate and support them with their illogical religious or political backgrounds, they can go to any extent. However, in the recent history, the trend in the terrorist attacks has been international rather than national. In which, they have mercilessly targeted to innocent persons as well. To increase the fear of terrorism, they have implied in their attacks that the higher the number of casualties the more fearful would be nations and their leaders as well. It is their agenda to create the environment of fear and threat under which liberty remains at threat. For attaining these cruel objectives, terrorists have targeted the civilians and military targets in the recent history. But, worse thing is that, they are targeting more soft targets than the hard one-military targets. In the recent history, after the 9/11 attacks, they have attacked on Bali, London, Mumbai and certain other cities of the world sho wing a complete disrespect for the international law and humanitarian values. From their terrorist activities; it looks like they have a clear cut agenda to rule over the certain part of the world with the use of force, threat, intimidation and violence. They legalize their every inhumane violent action by providing authenticity either from a religious scripture or from a social or political point of view. In the recent attacks, they have clearly shown that they have their set of rules and regulations. On the basis of their rules and regulations, they define their inhumane actions and determine their course of actions at the cost of the international laws. The tenets of international laws, human and social, cultural, political, ethnic, religious values and norms have no meaning for them. They do not give significance to these human values rather they disrespect and use them in order to achieve their terrorist aims and objectives. It is this mentality that has increased the air of vi olence, threat, intimation and law and order situation globally. No country is safe and secure from this kind of frame of mind. This is the worst form of extremism that is rapidly increasing in the certain religious identities of the world. It is this mentality that have fuelled to the fire of terrorism and violence, which is not limited to any single state of the world. Slowly and gradually, it has targeted almost every nation of the world if not physically but