The Youth Justice And Other Legislation Act 2014 - 1396 Words

In 2014, the Government initiated the Youth Justice and Other Legislation Amendment Act 2014. This act introduced new changes that were made to provide fair outcomes and reasonable punishments. This assignment will focus on four of the changes made to the act and evaluate how the introduction of the Youth Justice and Other Legislation Amendment Act 2014 has impacted on consequences for youth in the youth justice system. Recommendations for changes the government could make will also be stated. Part 4 Division 2 of the Children’s Court Act 2000 states that the Childrens Court will now be an open court for repeat offenders (Department of Justice and Attorney General, 2014). The Court has the option to hold a proceeding, whether it is an†¦show more content†¦(Queensland Law Society 2014). This quote shows that, even after going to court once, children will repeat offences and opening the Childrens Court will not help the rehabilitation of these repeat offenders. However, the public is let in to see the cases and will learn about the court processes, providing a better understanding, and if the case is of a sexual nature, the victim will feel much more comfortable with the court being closed, and will be able to easily tell the complete truth. The Youth Justice and Other Legislation Amendment Act 2014 gives the media the authorisation to publish identifying information of a repeat offender at any stage during a court proceeding. (Department of Justice and Attorney General, 2014). A first time offender is anyone who has not been found guilty, at any time throughout a proceeding. First time offenders being named publicly remains prohibited by section 301. (Department of Justice and Attorney General, 2014). However, Ian Brown, President of The Queensland Law Society, states that he strongly believes that publicly naming a child coming before the courts should be prohibited. He believes letting the media broadcast classified information of repeat offenders could become a major difficulty in terms of getting the repeat offender back on the right track. (Department of Justice and Attorney General, 2014). The publishing of a repeat offender’s name during a proceeding could

Ikea Swot Analysis - 1017 Words

INTRODUCTION: IKEA was founded in the year 1943 and is known as the world’s largest home furnishing retailer renowned for its Scandinavian style. The first store of IKEA was launched in Warrington in 1987.The main product includes flat-pack ranging from home furniture and accessories with 9500 products. The broad range products are obtainable in all IKEA stores. The stores are located worldwide and they even developed online website. The stores products vary from restaurants, cafes with Swedish food, small food shops of groceries and famous meatball to jam. The biggest sales store are Germany, U.S.A, France, U.K and Sweden among which U.K has reported up to 18 store till date. In 2008 IKEA enlarge its stores†¦show more content†¦The large scale operation of IKEA makes its communication activities with the shareholder and customers difficult. In order to reach its consumers IKEA uses TV, radio and print media as a medium of communication. Due to the large scale global business operations of IKEA , controlling standards and quality becomes a difficult task specially in few countries law doesn’t have any influence over the working conditions, which in turn well to cause a disturbance in the supply chain influencing the view of the customers with respect to the credibility of the product. THREATS Any company should be aware of the threats that will have to face in the forthcoming time. So there are certain precautions that are to be made in prior to the threat being affected. There should be certain strengths that can overcome threats. For IKEA there were 3 factors wherein it helped to face the threat and get cautioned Social factor: Core market segments Market factor: Market competition for the product Economic factor: Disposable income Positive outcome- * online help to guide customers to a more sustainable life. * focus on home improvement in the slowing housing market. * lowers average costs in the long run * cost savings are then passed on to customers in the form of lower prices * puts up high barriers to entry for smaller companies entering the market. * products will also appeal to thoseShow MoreRelatedIkea Swot Analysis966 Words   |  4 PagesAhere are certain tools that helps in developing an insight view of the company such as PESTLE/STEP analysis, SWOT, resourced based view and value chain, which helps in giving the information that reveals the current position of the firm in the market. Further, these tools have been used to analyse Goldman Sachs. â€Å"A company which is a leading global financial services firm providing investment banking, securities and investment management services to a substantial and diversified client base thatRead MoreSwot and Pestel Analysis for Ikea Singapore3062 Words   |  13 Pagesstudy of IKEA ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 - 6 * Introduction of Company SWOT ANALYSIS of IKEA ------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 - 8 EXTERNAL ANALYSIS (GENERAL ENVIRONMENT - PESTEL) ----------------- 9 - 10 * Explanation of General Environment * Political Forces * Economic Conditions * Socio-cultural Conditions * Technological Changes * Environment Factors * Legal Factors EXTERNAL ANALYSIS (COMPETITIVERead MoreIkea Swot Analysis1089 Words   |  5 PagesSupply chain strategies. 1.1. Packaging concept. The flat packaging is known of its IKEA which is very effective for transporting products because more products can be shipped at the same time. Consequently, transportation cost will be cheaper. Furthermore, the flat packaging reduces some materials usage. However, it has some weak areas to work on such as protection and unitization. 1.2. New unit load carrier. IKEA has created new carrier which is called â€Å"Loading ledge†, is a flexible unit loadRead MoreIKEA SWOT Analysis998 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿IKEA SWOT analysis Strengths Weaknesses 1. Customer knowledge 2. Constantly using innovations to drive costs down 3. Supply chain integration 4. Brand reputation and market presence 5. Diversified product portfolio 1. Negative publicity 2. Decreasing quality 3. Standard products Opportunities Threats 1. Further expansion into developing economies 2. Growing online sales 3. Expansion to growing grocery market 1. Intensifying competition 2. Growth of average consumer income 1. Customer knowledgeRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Ikea1946 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction This is a SWOT Analysis of IKEA. Crandall, Parnell, and Spillan (2013) states that a SWOT Analysis is â€Å"based on a systematic, comprehensive analysis of internal attributes, also referred to as strengths and weaknesses; and of factors external to the organization†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p. 84). This paper seeks to explore those such attributes. Ikea is an international organization that was organized in Sweden in 1943. Its premise is retail furnishings and has become the world’s premier or leading furnitureRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Ikea Furniture Market814 Words   |  4 PagesCompetitor’s analysis Analyzing current global furniture market, it will be said that the top big global competitors for the company will be IKEA and Ashley furniture companies. SWOT of IKEA furniture Strength †¢ Brand reputation and market presence †¢ Supply chain integration †¢ Customer Knowledge †¢ Constantly using innovations to drive costs down †¢ Diversified product portfolio Read MoreSwot and Pestel Analysis for Ikea Singapore3046 Words   |  13 Pages4 Case study of IKEA ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 - 6 * Introduction of Company SWOT ANALYSIS of IKEA ------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 - 8 EXTERNAL ANALYSIS (GENERAL ENVIRONMENT - PESTEL) ----------------- 9 - 10 * Explanation of General Environment * Political Forces * Economic Conditions * Socio-cultural Conditions * Technological Changes * Environment Factors * Legal Factors EXTERNAL ANALYSIS (COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT)Read MoreSwot Analysis : A Swot1371 Words   |  6 Pages SWOT analysis is valuable in understanding and revising the position of the company before decisions are made about company direction or the application of a new business idea. PEST is a tool to assess external factors. It is useful to complete a PEST analysis before a SWOT, although it may be more useful to complete a PEST analysis during, or after, a SWOT. SWOT and PEST are vital in determining the success of a business. SWOT analysis is a form of situational analysis in which internal strengthsRead MoreMarketing in the Operational Context: the Case of Ikea1261 Words   |  6 PagesOF IKEA I. Introduction In the recent years, the operations of many businesses have become global in nature. The internationalization of businesses phenomenon paved the way for various organizations to conveniently expand in other nations. By penetrating the international marketplace, organizations are able to acquire greater market in which to sell their products or provide business. One of the largest companies that has become global today is IKEA. As Swedish-based company, IKEA is aRead MoreFaclity Management in IKEA Company1424 Words   |  6 Pagesmanagement’. For this subject all First year IFM students have to write a report about a company. In the report I look at the internal and external developments of the company. The company I choose is IKEA. Executive summary The main purpose of this report is to analyze the IKEA Company. To do this the internal and external factors are going to be discussed, and analyzed using the DESTEP method and the 7s model. The DESTEP method is used to analyze the external environment of

Confirmation Bias Free Essays

Confirmation Bias Rosemarie Hamm September 21, 2012 Confirmation Bias Confirmation bias is the human habit of seeking information that confirms one’s judgments or assumptions. One’s current feelings about a situation, memory, or person influence one’s thoughts and memories about that situation, memory, or person. If one is feeling negatively about something or someone, the individual will often recall the worst factors or memories about that person or circumstances. We will write a custom essay sample on Confirmation Bias or any similar topic only for you Order Now However; if one is feeling positively about something or someone, the individual may recall the best factors or memories about that person or circumstances. In this way, one confirms his or her own current feelings. This can end badly; if bad feelings lead to bad memories; which then lead to more bad feelings, in a vicious cycle. This may also cause problems when someone becomes overconfident about someone or something; when his or her positive feelings lead to positive memories and positive expectations [ (Myers, 2012) ]. An example of confirmation bias in relation to negative feelings could be found in a friendship ending without just cause. One person may develop a negative attitude about a friendship. This individual may recall the worst times and forget the best times; which confirms his or perceptions. These perceptions then contribute to more negative memories, and cause a downward spiraling effect [ (Myers, 2012) ]. An example of confirmation bias in relation to positive feelings could be found in a dysfunctional romantic relationship. It is common to overlook negative traits in a new romantic relationship. Positive feelings often affect one’s perceptions of the other individual. One partner may be dishonest or irresponsible; but the other partner may not realize this. The other partner’s positive feelings are masking his or her perceptions of the dishonest or irresponsible partner. The dysfunctional romantic relationship will continue until this cycle ends [ (Myers, 2012) ]. References Myers, D. (2012). Exploring social psychology. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill. How to cite Confirmation Bias, Essay examples

Competitive Strategy Built on Strong Brands

Question: Discuss about the Competitive Strategy for Built on Strong Brands. Answer: What is strategy? There are certain things that a company or an organization desires and needs to achieve. These can be: The company needs to go for cost leadership strategy. The company should develop a global strategy The company must combine a set of regional acquisitions. There should strive for excellence in customer service. The company should always try to gain first mover advantage. The company should shift from defense to industrial application. In all these above statements, there are certain things in common, they are goals tactics, objectives and description of what a company or an organization would want to achieve to reach to the success. These statements are not strategies. The main word in all the discussion is Strategy. It will be used when a company would want to demonstrate its business acumen. Strategy is not what we aim to reach, it is the plan and footsteps that we follow to reach the aim. This eras businesses are not less than a war. Executives nowadays should strive to achieve triumph by adopting a set of complex strategies. A strategy can be considered as good if it answers four important questions. These questions are- Where does company or business compete? What distinctive value does company bring? What resources and capabilities does the company bring? How company plans to uphold its uniqueness? For example, the company IKEA, the company's choice of market place has offered a unique value. IKEA deals in inexpensive Scandinavian Designs. The goods of the company are designed for mass production. The company uses its own resources for its product's style and design, for manufacturing and shipping. It becomes difficult for the other competitors to imitate. They have to completely change how they design, manufacture, and ship their furniture. According to Henry Mintzberg "sometimes strategy is what you do." Dorf Clark industries ltd. manufactures different types of metal sanitary ware products. The company product can consists of showers, mixer taps, and many other bathroom accessories. Dorf Clark has its presence throughout Australia (GWA International, 2004). The company deals in the home ware products, specifically bathroom accessories. The market of the company covers most of the Australian Continent and it also exports its product in other parts of the world. The company ha s been there for 2 decades in the industry and is providing excellent services to the clients. The company differentiates itself from competitors by providing high quality products. For this company makes use of top quality raw materials and its signature craftsmanship (Dorf Clark, 2015). The company has the capability to launch new products and services and it has a great opportunity to reach the global markets. The constant increase in the income level and new markets pave good opportunities for the company to reach new heights of success. This can be done, if the company strategizes properly. The company can do this, if it utilizes its resource to the full of their capability. The company can use its own resources for designing and manufacturing of its products, which will make the product difficult to imitate. To reach the global market, it should start accepting and delivering orders to different cities and open its branches in different cities as well. Week4:Business Model Innovation Sometimes we hear in news that the companies that were once on a top have merged or have been acquired and some companies failed miserably despite of having a good access to technology and resources. The reason behind the downfall or falling of a company is that, they did not revised and revived their business model on time. In the race to success, they forgot to update their business model. The companies did not think about the radical innovation needed in the organization because they were too busy in managing and handling the current clients instead of envisioning the future opportunities. Innovation is required in all the industries. Innovation can increase the customer value in the product or services and can lower the cost as well. This creates a competitive advantage. But there are certain perceived misconceptions about Innovation. There are 3 myths that are commonly pervasive about innovation and they are - Innovation refers to ideas that no one has thought before. For getting big success, big resources are required. There is fascinating technologies behind every innovation breakthroughs. . A companys success is not guaranteed just by its new ideas or big resources or fascinating technology. The success of a company also depends upon its business model. 25 of the world largest companies did not just upgrade their technologies; they also updated their business model. What is a business model? A business model provides answers to the following four questions. Who is the target customer of the company? What do product/services of a company offer to the customer? How does a company build the value proposition? How does a company generate revenue? Most of the business models are adapted, refined or combined. There are almost 55 business model pattern that most of the companies use. Some of them are - Flat rate, Super market, Rent instead of buying, E- commerce or experience selling. There are basically four steps to follow to update a business model. First, Initiation- In this, we identify and analyze the current business model. Second, Ideation- During ideation, we confirm the current business model and develop the new a new business model. Third, Integration we check the consistency of the business model as it is important to see if the business model question fit into the newly adopted business model or not. Fourth, Implementation in a company implies the business model into the organization. The movie rental service was started by Reed Hastings, the founder and CEO of Netflix in 1999. The company from starting has been using subscription based business model. The company initially provided a DVD-by-mail service wherein cli ent paid for membership and can rent DVDs (Netflix, 2015). Business model followed by Netflix in video-on-demand industry can be considered as classical business model because here users of the service and people paying for the service are the same entity. Netflix used streaming technology to provide entertainment content to consumers. It used subscription fee to generate revenue. Offer to the customer- Netflix previously offered rental DVDs and now it is the on the leading internet television network in the world. The company has 57 million stream members spread across 50 countries. The companys database includes wide variety of TV shows and movie, which also includes documentaries, original series, etc. (Tatiana, 2014). For streaming customers the main value proposition is availability of large database of movies to select from and the personalized service without advertisements. (Tatiana, 2014). The main source of revenue for Netflix is the subscription fees that it charges from the customer for providing access to unlimited TV shows and movies. At present, Netflix charges uniform price for services offered. It has been said that revenue that Netflix receives from customers is low. It is not sufficient to allow company to purchase new content in time to come. Some critiques have suggested that company needs to generate income through advertisement. However, Netflix is reluctant to do so. To cover the cost, company is planning to increase subscription fees. References GWA International, 2004. Built on strong brands. [Online] Available at: https://www.gwagroup.com.au/wp-content/uploads/annual_reports/GWA_AR_200304_Frt.pdf [Accessed 20 August 2016]. GWA International, 2015. Dorf Quality Difference. [Online] Available at: https://www.dorf.com.au/dorf-quality-difference [Accessed 20 August 2016]. Netflix, 2015. Annual Report. Netflix. Tatiana, M., 2014. Netflix Business Model. [Online] Available at: https://www.cass.city.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/220517/Netflix.pdf [Accessed 19 August 2016].

Asylum - Immigration Glossary - Definition of Asylum

Asylum - Immigration Glossary - Definition of Asylum Asylum is the protection granted by a nation to a person who cannot return to their home country for fear of prosecution. An asylee is a person who seeks asylum. You may request asylum from the U.S. when you arrive at a U.S. port of entry, or after you arrive in the United States regardless of whether you are in the U.S. legally or illegally. Since its founding, the United States has been a sanctuary for refugees seeking protection from persecution. The country has granted asylum to more than 2 million refugees in the last three decades alone. Who is a Refugee? U.S. law defines a refugee as someone who: Is located outside the United States.Is of special humanitarian concern to the United States.Demonstrates that they â€Å"were persecuted or fear persecution due to race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or membership in a particular social group.†Is not firmly resettled in another country.Is admissible to the United States. A refugee does not include anyone who â€Å"ordered, incited, assisted, or otherwise participated in the persecution of any person on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.† So-called economic refugees, those the U.S. government considers to be fleeing poverty in their homelands, are not admissible. For example, thousands of Haitian migrants who washed up on Florida shores have fallen into this category in recent decades, and the government has returned them to their homeland. How Can Someone Obtain Asylum? There are two routes through the legal system for obtaining asylum in the United States: the affirmative process and the defensive process. For asylum through the affirmative process, the refugee must be physically present in the United States. It does not matter how the refugee arrived. Refugees generally must apply to U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services within on year of the date of their last arrival in the United States, unless they can show extenuating circumstances that delayed filing. Applicants must file Form I-589, the Application for Asylum and for Withholding of Removal, to USCIS. If the government rejects the application and the refugee does not have legal immigration status, then USCIS will issue a Form I-862, Notice to Appear, and refer the case to an immigration judge for resolution. According to USCIS, affirmative asylum applicants are rarely detained. Applicants may live in the United States while the government is processing their applications. Applicants can also remain in the country while waiting for a judge to hear their case but are seldom allowed to work here legally. Defensive Application for Asylum A defensive application for asylum is when a refugee requests asylum as protection against removal from the United States. Only refugees that are in removal proceedings in an immigration court can apply for defensive asylum. There generally are two ways refugees wind up in the defensive asylum process under the Executive Office for Immigration Review: USCIS has referred them to an immigration judge after the government has ruled them ineligible for asylum after going through the affirmative process.They were placed in removal proceedings because they were apprehended in the United States without proper legal documents or in violation of their immigration status. Or, they were caught trying to enter the United States without proper documents and designated for expedited removal. It’s important to note that defensive asylum hearings are court-like. They are conducted by immigration judges and are adversarial. The judge will hear arguments from the government and from the petitioner before making a ruling. The immigration judge has the power to grant the refugee a green card or decide whether the refugee may be eligible for other forms of relief. Either side can appeal the judge’s decision. In the affirmative process, the refugee appears before a USCIS asylum officer for a non-adversarial interview. The individual must provide a qualified interpreter for that interview. In the defensive process, the immigration court provides the interpreter. Finding a qualified lawyer is important for refugees trying to navigate the asylum process which can be long and complicated.

Morpheus Wisdom Quotes From The Matrix

Morpheus Wisdom Quotes From The Matrix For some, The Matrix is just another sci-fi movie, a slick production from Hollywoods dream factory, but for those who appreciate the philosophy of The Matrix, it is a wake-up call. The movie is considered to be ahead of its time. It challenges our understanding of perspective, reality, illusion and many other intriguing concepts. These Matrix quotes are words of wisdom from Morpheus, Neos spiritual leader and guide. Morpheus Quotes About the Matrix The Matrix is a system, Neo. That system is our enemy. But when youre inside, you look around, what do you see? Businessmen, teachers, lawyers, carpenters. The very minds of the people we are trying to save. But until we do, these people are still a part of that system and that makes them our enemy. You have to understand, most of these people are not ready to be unplugged. And many of them are so inert, so hopelessly dependent on the system that they will fight to protect it. Unfortunately, no one can be told what the Matrix is. You have to see it for yourself. The Matrix is the world that has been pulled over your eyes to blind you from the truth. The Matrix is a computer-generated dream world, built to keep us under control in order to change a human being into this. [holding a copper-top D cell battery] Morpheus on Reality and Illusion What is real? How do you define real? This is your last chance. After this, there is no turning back. You take the blue pill- the story ends, you wake up in your bed and believe whatever you want to believe. You take the red pill- you stay in Wonderland and I show you how deep the rabbit-hole goes. Im trying to free your mind, Neo. But I can only show you the door. Youre the one that has to walk through it. Have you ever had a dream, Neo, that you were so sure was real? What if you were unable to wake from that dream, Neo? How would you know the difference between the dream world and the real world? What you know you cant explain, but you feel it. Youve felt it your entire life, that theres something wrong with the world. You dont know what it is, but its there, like a splinter in your mind, driving you mad. If real is what you can feel, smell, taste and see, then real is simply electrical signals interpreted by your brain. Random Musings There is a difference between knowing the path and walking the path. Throughout human history, we have been dependent on machines to survive. Fate, it seems, is not without a sense of irony. We dont know who struck first, us or them. But we do know it was us that scorched the sky. At the time, they were dependent on solar power. It was believed they would be unable to survive without an energy source as abundant as the sun.

Developing a marketing plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Developing a marketing plan - Assignment Example Sony’s products are advertised through the world by sales companies and unaffiliated suppliers as well as direct trades via the Internet. Sony is also involved in advertising agency business and network services business in Japan among so many other activities. This paper seeks to establish Sony’s current industrial status in the market share and unearth the company’s secrets of success. Principally, the sole intention of this treatise is to bring into focus the Marketing Plan for Sony Corporation (Fujiwara, 2006). With many main products reputable and substantial market share, one can note that it is improbable for new competitors to overcome product identities that are conventional to maintain consumer trustworthiness. The copyrights that are possessed by Sony are a resilient obstacle since competitors find it costly to enter the same industry of production due to placement of patents and licenses and raised prices for the product. Sony Corporation, for a long time, has been, and still is, dominant in the electronic business. With its capacity to deliver durable and high-end products, Sony has built long-lasting relationships with their dealers. Their high business uniqueness and a worldwide network of business entities has enabled them establish a bargaining power of the suppliers and dealers like no other company. Because of this, dealers have found it hard to bargain down prices due to their loyalty, and high quality products produced by Sony. The introduction of the new Sony LED TV and the quality that comes in this product, is an example as to why dealers have lowered their bargaining power thus increasing level of Industry profits. The bargaining power of retailers and suppliers will depend mostly on the bargain power of end-users. This chain is what makes this phenomena a threat and may force a company to lower its prices that might lead to

Scope Risk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Scope Risk - Essay Example The move towards innovation is necessary as it can be stated that innovation is more important than acquiring the name of best company in the world. The other trend i.e. making shift in global market is necessary as it is regarded as one of the fundamental needs of the organizations in attracting huge customers along with increasing sales (Project Management Institute, 2012). The successful completion of a project requires the involvement of clients and their conduct of activities efficiently. In this case, if there lays the involvement of several members, it can create hindrance in the success of the project. In order to complete projects in a timely fashion by balancing the needs, initially a proper planning of the project would be made along with determining the actual number of members to be included in the project team. Then, proper allocation of tasks relating to the project must be provided to the actual number of members for the purpose of fulfilling the need to freeze project scope in a timely fashion (Global Knowledge Training LLC, 2013). In the context of slower economic growth, one of the viable and valid trends that would emerge is the changing economic conditions of the global market. The fact can be supported with the happening of global recessions in previous few years. Similarly, in the background of shifting global markets, a viable and a valid trend of improving the sales target for future rather than focusing upon developing the existing position in the business market would emerge (Project Management Institute, 2012). Based on the above discussion, it can be affirmed that a few of the factors such as innovation, shift in global market and economic growth are the elements that bring considerable changes in the operations of business organizations and identification of various opportunities. As per my understanding,

Close Reading about Poem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Close Reading about Poem - Essay Example . The opening of the poem, â€Å"my heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains† indicate that the mood of song is mellow (Keates Stanza 1 line 1). The author is trying to achieve the nightingale’s pure realm and escape from the troubles and darkness of the world through his drink. The nightingales’ voice sends him into a trance making him cheery and unable to focus on anything else. This is evident when he says, â€Å"Singest of summer in full-throated ease† (Keates Stanza 1 Line 10). His view of the world as a dark place is a product of his health problems and the fact that he became an orphan in his early teenage years and forced by circumstances to care for his sick brother. In as much as he is drunk, his tone is sober and enlightened. The nightingales’ songs turn his sorrow to joy and pain to pleasure. He imagines smelling flowers and drinking wine in the green country in the suns warmth and becoming one with the nightingale, â€Å"Fade far away, dissolve, and quite forget† (Stanza 3 line 1). This shows his longing of a lively, enjoyable world. He comes to his senses in the sixth stanza when the reality of his mortality hits him hard. He is attracted to the nightingales’ song and realizes that the bird is incapable of experiencing pain and comprehending the pain of death. To him the bird is immortal because many people transverse all generations and history have heard the nightingale sing. When the nightingale flies off, the speaker feels lonely and disappointed. He feels he lacks the freedom of the nightingales and yearns to come to such freedom and usefulness. Perhaps death is his release (Cunningham & Reich & Fichner 127). Finally, in understanding this poem it is noteworthy to mention that the poet composed this poem after the demise of his brother. The poem expresses the reality of the duality of human experiences using imagery and melancholy. The different

Quality Control

Quality Control DEFFINITION: Quality control is defined as the set of procedures intended to ensure that performed service or manufactured product sticks to a set of quality criteria or meets the requirements of the client. Quality control of a project is to determine the quality required for the products of the particular project.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Quality targets should meet all the basic requirements defined by the authorities of the project. Project management body of knowledge(PMBOK) approaches: Standards organisations for quality management system: ISO 9000 series ISO 9001:2008 rules Six sigma Ishikawa Crosby ISO 9001:2008 rules:- It is a set of procedures that cover all key processes in the business. Checking outputs for defects and correction where necessary Regularly checking quality system for effectiveness. Roles and responsibilities of quality manager: Roles of quality manager: You must be act as an objective observer even when you are looking at the subjective issues. When you ask questions you have to take a step backwards from answers. So that all you looking for data-whether numbers, reports and it may be observations. This combined data will lead you to what you need to know. Quality is not a finger pointing exercise for you or your employees. It is an honesty and open method to get the solutions at the objective observation. First of all look quality within your area before taking on to the world. Responsibilities of quality manager: Assist the preparation of the Quality Plan for each projectà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Assign different roles to product managers and related stakeholders in the development of test procedures or whatever is needed to complete the preparation of Quality Control procedures.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Make sure that the stakeholders requirements from all products and services are well documented and prepared against the final products or services.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Install some updates to the Quality Plan to check problems at handà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Provide feedback to the project manager on a regular basis or on demandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Conduct some additional audits or Quality Control reviews by demand of the project manager.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Assist various stakeholders in the process of improving production processes, QC processes or any other aspects of the ICT resources that need improvement.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Relation between process group and quality management process: Quality management has three kinds of processes Quality planning process Quality assurance process Quality control process 1. Quality planning: It serves which quality standards are relevant to the project and how to satisfy those standards .applying those quality standards in to project design is a key part of quality planning. quality plan should not be very long or expensive to produce them. It serves as plan and communication tool in the project. Inputs to quality planning: Scope statement which describes the vision of project. Organisational project assets which gives the lessons learned from the previous project Database which contains policies and procedures. Tools and techniques used in quality plan: Common sense is main tool when you decide the quality. Cost of quality is one of them. Quality objectives: It is a Systematic reflection and evaluation during different phases. Sets quality goals in the available time plan. Observing the priority areas which are necessary in the project. identifies strengths and potentials for improvement. Gives the measurements for the development of project. Outputs to quality management: There should be a list which describes tools and techniques used. A clean view which explains how do we measure quality. List of names who will review the quality. Check list gives feed back from all the viewers. Check list of quality  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Attachments Quality control management Document identification: scope plan Resource plan Schedule Budget Benchmarks Verification Testing Time estimate criteria Cost estimate criteria Technical procedures Technical policies Communications ISO standards PMI standards Customer satisfaction criteria 2. Quality assurance: It is the application of systematic, planned approach to make sure that the project will employ all processes to meet requirements of the project. Quality assurance activities performed by quality manager: Skilled staff: should have knowledge, skills, experience required to keep the project on track. Peer Reviews: peer reviewers discuss about the quality issues found and actions that have to be followed in order to correct the quality issues. Use of templates: provides guidance to the project team members. Checklists: gives quality requirements are fulfilled or not. Gives feed back from all the viewers. 3. Quality control process: It contains monitoring results to see whether they comply with the relevant quality standards. It finds ways to deletes the unsatisfactory results from the project. Control ensures that whatever is delivered to the customer meets the expectations of the projects. Quality control includes the measuring, checking, and auditing of the tasks of the project. Targets of quality management: They should be: Accepted by all the existed participants, Measurable by quantitative parameters, Realistic, should be on track with the available resources Specific, qualitative statements.

Jan Mikulicz-Radecki :: Biography

Introduction Despite the passage of over a hundred years from the death of Jan Mikulicz-Radecki, the student of Theodor Billroth (1829 – 1894), and the founder of the the Wroclaw school of surgery, his name quite frequently appeared in the first decade of the XXI century. It appeared in articles concerning the historical background of modern European surgery [1-5] and in researches relating to the modern treatment of chronic diseases, which are now cured within the confines of internal medicine, ophthalmology and dermatology [6-12]. What is more, a great importance of the achievements that Mikulicz made for the development of modern techniques in surgery of the gastrointestinal tract [13, 14] and the thyroid [15] is indicated. His contribution to the development of gastrointestinal endoscopic examination earned him a well-deserved title of the â€Å"father of surgical endoscopy† [16]. His contemporaries called Mikulicz â€Å"a king in the kingdom of Surgeons†. He obtained exc ellent results in surgical treatment of patients using innovative, for that times, aseptic techniques [17, 18]. The researchers of history of medicine are frequently lacking the fact of Mikilicz’s interdisciplinary attitude towards diagnosis and the treatment of patients. The impact on the shaping of this attitude had both; his professional training, which took place in Vienna under the tutelage of Billroth [19, 20], and his broad interests that extend far beyond the field of surgery, and even beyond medicine. A fact that should be emphasized is the establishment by Mikulicz and Bernhard Naunyn (1839-1925) [21, 23] of an interdisciplinary journal â€Å"Mitteilungenaus den Grenzgebieten der Medizinund Chirurgie†, which integrated surgery and internal medicine. Owing to Mikulicz’s broad research interests, his name is frequently mentioned in everyday clinical practice not only among contemporary surgeons but also by dermatologists. Mikulicz explained the pathogene sis of the rhinoscleroma and described the cells characteristic of this disease, which were later named after him [24, 25]. He also described a disease of the salivary and lacrimal glands of a noninflammatory character, which until now exists in the international medical nomenclature as Mikulicz disease [6, 11] not to be confused with the Sjà ¶gren’s syndrome [26]. He has also developed an innovative method for treating difficult to heal wounds and ulcers of the skin using preparations containing iodine and maÅ›ciÄ… lapisowÄ… with Peruvian balm [25]. This ointment (also called Mikulicz ointment) to this day is used in surgical practice and dermatology. Family and Education Jan Mikulicz-Radecki was born on May 16, 1850 in Czerniowce in Bukowina.

Poverty and Crime Essay

Poverty can be defined as the deprivation of basic needs or necessities. These are things that are required by human beings for them to survive for example shelter, clothing, food and water. Poverty causes pain and stress to those who suffer from it but according to the Christians, it is seen as a positive thing that makes them more faithful and lack of these properties is deemed virtuous. On the other hand, crime is seen as the violation of rules and regulations of the state. When this is done, the culprit is regarded as a criminal. Acts of crime are punishable by law if one is convicted guilty of committing a particular offense. see more:essays on crime Poverty and crime are interrelated as poverty is an independent variable while crime is the dependant variable and manipulation of one has an effect on the other, that is if poverty is reduced the rate of crime would definitely go down. This research paper is geared towards brining to the light the relationship between poverty and crime. Do they have a correlation? There have been claims that poverty leads to crime and this cannot be denied as in America today, crime prevalence is registered in zones that are inhabited by the poor Americans. It is not a usual thing for a place to have high rate of crime without the cause for it. Poverty is not only confined to the poor third world countries as even in America, United Kingdom and other developed nations there are people who live in penury. In the United States, the poor live in housings known as ghettos and the most affected are the African Americans. Many people refute the claim that poverty is the causal factor of crime. For example in Boston, in the 1830s there were very many cases of crime, which to many was attributed to poverty. This became a challenge to the inhabitants who in a bid to reduce the level of crimes formed charity organizations that were meant for helping these poor people. Many people thought that the poor people are the ones who commit mistakes so these organizations that were formed were designed to reduce the number of African Americans in the war. (Sampson RJ. 1987) In the United States of America, it is reportedly said that the number of blacks in prisons is much higher than those that are in educational institutions. In Boston, it was assumed that because women were the ones who went for charity items, which were given for free by the Boston’s charity organizations. Here, this was not the case as in Boston as the number of women who were imprisoned was 12. 25 percent and not forgetting that this figure comprised women of all nationalities. This research contradicted the much-theorized belief that poverty and crime are related. Some crimes that are associated with poverty do not have a correlation when they are closely scrutinized. These are crimes such as vandalism, arson and wanton destruction of properties. Why would a poor person destroy some properties that could he/she could use? Poor people are forced by poverty to turn to crime. In most assault cases, the victims claim that they lost their properties so it can be confidently be said that the perpetrators are people who cannot afford those commodities and so they think that the only way they could access them is only through assaulting the rich and becoming robbers. According to sociologists, there is a very strong connection between, the crime rate and the families break ups in the United States’ towns and cities. Cities that are occupied by the blacks have reported increase in violent crime rate and this is attributed to the prevalence of the female-headed families. Pager D. 2001) As per the 1980s research, the ratio of whites to blacks that were engaged in violent crimes was not in proportion. According to the 1983 statistics, more murder and assault cases in Chicago took place in areas that were inhabited by the African American and the Latino residents who were low-income earners. This attests to the fact that there is a relationship between crimes and poverty and this is undeniable, if this is not the case, then why is it that areas that are occupied by the poor register so many crimes? The past researches that were done in the 1980s expressed a connection between single parent headed families with crime prevalence and especially in black households. In 1984, all the black families were under female parents and this trend is still growing as the numbers of families with two parents are constantly on the decline. Of all the 360,000 families that lived on five thousand dollars and below, females headed fifty seven percent of them. The ratio of families that were headed by single women between the blacks and the whites were 74 percent to 26 percent. In Chicago, females own most of the poor households and especially the ghettos. So the increase in female households and most particularly those in the ghettos have a relationship between the high rate of dependency and poverty. (Pridemore W. A. and Kim S. W. 2007) A statistical analysis that was done in hundred and fifty cities in America attributes rise in female-headed families to poverty. This is because when men are not employed they move out of these cities and go to look for jobs leaving behind their wives and this causes family disruptions. In turn, this family break-up leads to the rise in crime rates and especially in blacks residential places. Low income contributes to marriage separations as well as divorce cases. Children from families that are headed by a female parent are prone to indulge themselves in juvenile delinquency. When children are raised in poor households they do not even have the proper education that they deserve and this becomes a vicious circle whereby poverty is caused by lack of relevant skills and education. This makes it hard to secure oneself a good job that can help one to achieve their needs thereby becoming even poorer. Marital and family break ups weaken the social control mechanisms that are vital in reducing the crimes rate. When these social control means are in force people look at each other as their brother or sister, they develop a ‘we feeling’ and they protect each other properties. They also help one another to resolve their disputes but when family bonds are weakened, this problem is transferred to the society that is made up of families. The result is that socialism is substituted by individualism or in other words, people become egoistic and everything they do is meant of them and only them. People devise short cuts of acquiring wealth and this means robbery, assault and murder as per the situation demands. George F. Et Al. 2008) When family bonds are strong, both parents assist each other in taking care of the children and they are well socialized to know the social expectations but when households are headed by only one parent, the attention that should be given to the children is divided among other things and it is obvious that when a child lacks proper attention, guidance and counseling, they become juvenile criminals. Therefore family disruptions as a result of poverty leads to rise in female headed families, which in turn leads to juvenile delinquency. In the United States of America, there are some states that have very high crime rate and yet the residents are not poor and there are some states where people are very poor and yet the crime rate is very low. This makes the debate over whether poverty has a relationship with crime very controversial. These claims are contradicted by the research findings on other areas findings in other areas where 53 percent of all the inmates are people from poor areas where they earned about less than 10,000 U. S dollars in a year. According to the economic theory, people weigh options before they commit crimes. It is said that people engage themselves in crime only and only if the anticipated gains are more than the loss. (George F. Et Al. 2008) The obvious logical conclusion that can be inferred from this is that people who are poor and those who live in poverty-stricken households are more prone to community crimes than those who are not poor. Those people who are wallowing in poverty are more likely to commit crimes such as larceny, robbery, burglary and selling drugs and surveillance delinquency. If this is the case, then poor households and prisons should do something to reverse the situation. This is because if poverty level goes up so does the crime rates and this in turn impacts on the prisons that get highly populated with criminals. The government should come up with measures that would help in breaking this relationship because this trend affects the correctional departments. There is no way you can correct the behavior of poor people because they are situational criminals. It is only that they are forced by circumstances to commit crimes. The only viable option of controlling or reducing the crime prevalence is to economically empower the poor citizens. The fact that poverty and crime are interrelated is evident in the case of Detroit city, which is among the poorest cities in the United States of America. Poor citizens inhabit the surrounding area of this town. The system is marred by extreme poverty and loss of social control mechanisms. Most of the students who join campuses never graduate because before they could graduate, they get involved in criminal acts that render some of them in jails. Another thing that leads to the rise of criminal activities is the fact that in societies there are two extreme ends, and these are the rich and the poor. In the United States the gap between the haves and have-nots is very high something that intrigues poor people to steal or engage in other forms of criminal activities just to earn their living. If a rich person is living in close proximity to the poor households, there is high probability that he/she will become a victim of assault, loss of properties and even robbery. This happens because the poor thinks that the rich are the ones who are making them poor and therefore they develop some bitterness that is only resolved by attacking them. (George F. Et Al. 2008) There are various causes of poverty and some of them are high living standards. In most developed notion such as Japan, United States and others, it is not easy to live in cities if you depend on a low paying job. People might be employed but the living standards should be very high. This situation impoverishes the citizens for they find it hard to make the both ends meet. What the government should do is that it should provide those poor American households that belong to the poor with some house allowance so that they can lead a normal life. This would help in reducing the bridge gap the gap between the rich and the poor which unless something is done soon, the gap is still widening. The lack of proper skills and education, limits ones chances of getting a good job Poor people cannot afford to provide for their children with good education that would make them competitive and this is why we should break the vicious cycle of poverty. Many Americans are poor because they cannot secure themselves some good jobs probably because there are no jobs or they do not academically qualify for those jobs. The government should devise ways and means of breaking this cycle. Bursary system or subsidized education for the poor should be provided. This would offer the poor a chance to compete with those from the wealthy households. If this is done the high drop out rate from schools would be reversed as this is what has led to increased juvenile crimes because young children who should be in schools go to loiter in the streets as they cannot even afford to be in school. When these children receive high quality education, they would be able to look for well paying jobs that would help them in uplifting their living standards thereby breaking the vicious cycle. Poverty is partly caused by lack of employment. Another thing that the government should do is to enforce the laws that deal with crimes. The judicial systems should make some reforms that would help it to ensure that justice is upheld. In the 1980s, the judicial system was very reluctant such that criminals received lesser punishment than they deserved something that greatly contributed to the rise in crime. The criminal laws should be made stronger though that they could bite hard. From the research findings, it is evident now that there is a relationship between the rate of poverty and crime rates. Though there have been arguments that indicate otherwise, much of the evidence that has been collected point to the fact that the relationship between the two does exist. There have been claims that there are some states that are very poor and yet there are no high crime rates and that there are others that are among the highest in crime levels any yet the inhabitants not poor. This evidence cannot be downplayed for in every case there must be some exceptions and assumptions that have to be made. Both claims should be weighed well to know which one is truthful and in this case, the truth is that poverty lures people to become criminals.

buy custom Development of Saudi Education essay

buy custom Development of Saudi Education essay Places of education in the early era; In Saudi Arabia there were a number of learning places in the early times but a few of the places were identified before the Islam state. These few main learning places in the early era of the Peninsula are; Kuttab; This learning place was open to all people in the society regardless of their societal status. There was the separation and grouping of people according to age. The aged people were given there own Kuttab. Education here is generally free. The teacher will not ask for anything but some parents may decide to give something such as money, food or clothing. Before the coming of Islam there were few Kuttabs in few places where kids could memorize the Quran apart from learning basic reading, writing, arithmetic and morals,(Ho,2011). Halqah (Study circle); According to earlier information from Britannica Encyclopedia each mosques used to have a number of study circles. The teacher used to be seated on a dais while the pupils gather themselves in a semicircle in front of him and listening to him. Circles in the mosque had variety in approach, course content, size, and teaching quality. The teacher used the method of instruction that emphasized on lectures and rote memorization. Teachers were respected by the learners as were seen as the final people in education as their lectures were meticulously recorded in notebooks by the learners. Sometimes students could from one place to another in search for good teachers more especially those teaching the Hadith (sayings of Prophet Mohammed). There you could find a large number of them that additional teacher was required. Palaces schools; These are Special classes for special wealthy classes of people who wanted special and qualitative education for their children. These palace schools used to choose good lectures to teach their children in a more advanced reading, writing and good morals in the society, (Ho, 2011). Badiah (Rural or Bedouins places and life); In these places people were allowed to learn the strong basis of Arabic language this is because people used to meet in the cities with different languages and culture. Therefore, there was the need to a uniform Arabic language for all, (Oberon, 2001). Bookstores; This was a place where people used to sell and buy books, but it was also a place for discussions and meetings between scholars and educators in the Peninsula Scholars houses; This was a house open to all student scholars who wanted to continue with this scholarship for long time. It also refers to the special classes that were held for gifted and special cases students besides the public classes organized in Halqah. Mosques (Masjed in Arabic); The mosques was also used as the court, conferences, learning centers, meeting points and early Kuttabs and Halqah used for teaching, up to then there are still a number of Halqah in Saudis mosques,(Ho,2011). Thus one can say that these places were helpful in the past in satisfying the peoples educational needs. However these places each had its limitations that could not allow efficient services. Places of education before the establishment of Saudi Arabia; Ottoman Empire: ending 1916; This was a great empire which involved each part of the country including the Arabian Peninsula. It later on became a problem in the whole area. The empire had put more emphasis on the Islamic region than the western region because of the importance that was associated with Mecca and Maddinah in Islamic world. The empire began schools in the wheaten regions which later became grounds for their supporters. They also changed the school language from Arabic to Turkish. The few people accepted and continued learning in these schools as majority turned them down, (Ho, 2011). Hashemy era: 1916 1924; This is when Shareef Hussein Bin Ali led Arab revolution against Turk and Ottoman Empire which had humiliated the people. Then he led the people into dropping any kind of Turkish influences in their lifestyle especially in education. He facilitated for the closure of all Turkish schools as he involved the scholars in establishing new educational systems. In a period of one year there was a great and changed system that started from preparing school, then advance elementary school and finally high secondary school. This made People find there way to education. He made the people aware of the importance of education thereby motivating them. Early Saudi; By 1926 the Arabian Peninsula was still divided into several portions. King Abdul-Aziz Ibn Saud in 1926 became the king of the Hejaz and Sultan Nejd and Dependencies While On September 18, 1932, Ibn Saud was proclaimed king of Saudi Arabia. It marked the final unification of the divide country into empires. Formal and organized education systems in Saudi Arabia did not exist until 1948. Before then there existed a traditional educational system called Kuttab in the Arabian Peninsula. During this period, these schools were only meant for boy-child only. The girl-child was taught by the mothers at home and boys were taught by men in Kuttab schools. The Kuttab schools were situated in the mosque or in the homes of teachers. These teachers used to be the Imam. When the kingdom of Saudi Arabia was established, public education in the Arabian Peninsula was limited to only elementary schools. The traditional curriculum of this education was reduced to rote memorization of the Quran as well as to reading and writing Arabic. In 1925, Kuttab schools were replaced by the formal schools controlled by the government. But this time round literacy of the people had spread almost all over the Arabian Peninsula, (Ho, 2011) The Educational System in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; During the era of Hashemy, King Abdulaziz started the first formalized education in 1925 at a place called the Directorate of Education. This was first placed within the Ministry of the Interior. This was due to the fact that there was limited educationist to start and run the department on its own. The Egyptians ere called in for assistance in teaching and financing the curriculum. On the other hand the Egyptian educational model was following the footsteps of the English educational model thus it indirectly introduced it to the Saudi Educational model. Due to the increased demand for education new educational regulations were introduced by the General Directorate of Education. The Directorate was now allowed to control the Saudi educational affairs for the first time. As a result of all this development, in 1925 the first government school in Saudi Arabia was started. Several of these schools were established in 1936 which became full-fledged elementally schools three years later. The entire school population at this time was only 2319 pupils in the whole country. But the demand for education grew further as the country advanced to the new era. The number of elementary schools grew up to 182 in 1949, carrying a total number of 21,409 pupils, (Ho, 2011). In 1963 the supreme committee for education was established to supervise educational activities in the country. The spending on the education sector has been tripling from 1970 to 2000.in 2004 the public spending on education was 6.8 per cent of the GDP The Structure and Curriculum of Public Education; Public education in Saudi consists of three levels of education. This levels are; elementally, intermediate and secondary level. The school year consists of two semesters which have fifteen weeks each. Length of the lesson in a class is forty five minutes, (Bibme, 2007). Pre-primary education; Children aged between 3-5 years can join Kindergarten. Kindergarten is not considered as the pre-requisite for joining intermediary level and its not part of the education ladder in Saudi. However some nurseries have been developed by the government plan to alleviate this level of education. According to information from the government sources, up to around 100,714 children were schooling in pre-primary school as per the 2007 records. Elementary education; This level consists of six grades; students begins going to school at the age of six years. The curriculum here focuses on the Islamic education, Arabic language, mathematics, history, geography and sciences. Instead of physical education, the girls take feminine education, (Warlick, 2010). Subjects Hours Per Week First Grade Second Grade Third Grade Fourth Grade Fifth Grade Sixth Grade Islamic Studies 9 9 9 9 9 9 Arabic Studies 12 9 9 9 8 8 Social Studies 0 0 0 2 2 2 Science 1 2 2 2 3 3 Mathematics 2 4 4 5 5 5 Art Education 2 2 2 1 1 1 Physical Education 2 2 2 2 2 2 Total Hours 28 28 28 31 31 31 Table of the elementary school curriculum Intermediate education; To enter the intermediate education one has to pass the sixth grade in the elementary education the ages of entry is between 12-15 years. Here students add more general education courses besides Islamic and Arabic languages,(Warlick,2010). This level goes for three years. Upon passing of the examination the student is made to select among the following three options to advance in; (1) regular secondary school, (2) vocational education, (3) Quran schools. The following is the table detailing the curriculum in this level of education; Subjects Hours Per Week First Grade Second Grade Third Grade Islamic Studies 8 8 8 Arabic Studies 6 6 6 English 4 4 4 Science 4 4 4 Mathematics 4 4 4 Art Education 2 2 2 Physical Education 1 1 1 History 2 2 2 Geography 2 2 2 Total Hours (Boys) 33 33 33 Secondary Education; The first secondary education was established in 1926. This came as a result of the development of the foreign preparatory school in 1937. The main aim of this education was to prepare the students for higher education in Egypt universities. Thus most of the teachers were hired from Egypt together with their curriculum structure. It takes a maximum of three years. Due to economic development in the oil, commercial and industrial sectors, secondary education expanded between1950s and 1960s, (Oberon, 2001). Higher Education Higher education in Saudi lasts for fours in humanities and social science fields while in medicine, engineering and pharmacy takes five to six years. Upon completion and passing of secondary education, one joins university education. The first university was developed in 1957 and was called King Saud University. It was the first of its own in the Arab states. Currently there are twenty four public universities and many private colleges and universities in Saudi. This university also consists of colleges and departments that offer diplomas, bachelor, master and PhD degrees in various specializations and community services as well. Some offers distance learning programmes, (Oberon, 2001). The demand for higher education has been increasing from one year to another. In the year 2005, King Abdullah introduced a government scholarship program to sponsor Saudi students to study in western foreign universities. They mostly studied in United States, Canada, France, and German among others. Conclusion The development of the Saudi education has been a long process. The process has led to the renovation of the traditional education systems to the modern efficient education systems. The study of this development in education began from when the country had not been formed into an independent state and through this we are made to see the way the people were organized into informal learning systems. Due to devotion and willingness of the people of Saudi to learn more and know more, they together with their government developed their system of education that suits their religious, commercial and industrial needs. They borrowed some of its curriculum and teachers from Egypt in order to facilitate positive educational growth. Today, the country being an Islamic state has seen the importance of the Western education. Thus it has incorporated within its education programs resources to send their learners into foreign western universities to learn new technologies. This clearly indicates the characteristics of a developing nation. Buy custom Development of Saudi Education essay

Youth Role in India Development Essays

Youth Role in India Development Essays Youth Role in India Development Essay Youth Role in India Development Essay Mobile Youth Trends India Report 2010 The Mobile Youth Trends India Report 2010 Table of Contents Published May 2010 The Mobile Youth Trends India 2010 Report provides marketing and product managers and overview of both the quantitative and qualitative state of play with young mobile customers (aged 5-29). With both key market ownership statistics (from ARPU by age to churn rates) and behavioural patterns analyzed, we aim to help you better understand market direction and motivators. Produced with our local Indian research partner and based on 10 years of global mobile youth research methodologies practises across 65 markets. ww. mobileyouth. org phone: 44 (0) 207 386 3635 Josh. [emailprotected] org Mobile Youth Trends India Report 2010 What is mobileYouth? mobileYouth is both a study of the universe of young people and a guide to better develop and market products for these consumers. It’s all too easy to get lost in the technology, the non-sensical self-talk of the internet, mobile and media industries when sometimes the smallest things create the biggest leverage in customers satisfaction. Building dialogue and trust with young consumers through internal change Points of change typically revolve around: Building proactive dialogue with consumers rather than â€Å"listening† Change through adopting new internal language and semantics (e. g. dumping useless terms such as â€Å"killer applications†, â€Å"value chains†, â€Å"end users† etc in favor of â€Å"services†, â€Å"value networks†, â€Å"consumers†) Integrating the product development and marketing processes Creating consumer advocacy through establishing the company within the peer group Experimenting with youth as brand stakeholders Measuring internal performance and KPI through â€Å"lifetime customer value† rather than â€Å"net adds† From Apple to Zain We’ve been covering 65 countries now since the project’s inception and it continues to grow, bringing on board new and exciting clients who we have the privilege of working with and learning from for the first time from McDonald’s to Adidas to Apple to the European Commission. It doesnâ €™t really get much better than that in terms of scope and scale for consumer insight. www. mobileyouth. org phone: 44 (0) 207 386 3635 Josh. [emailprotected] org Mobile Youth Trends India Report 2010 www. mobileyouth. rg phone: 44 (0) 207 386 3635 Josh. [emailprotected] org Mobile Youth Trends India Report 2010 4 Key Youth Trends Key Trend #1 Growth Saturation Youth mobile ownership India Infographic India joins The Big 5 Youth mobile markets Mobile user profile 1 Handset device share Mobile youth revenues Multiple mobile account ownership in India Mobile user profile 2 Youth Metro Affluent vs. Youth Rural Emergent forecast growth Indian villages and Rural Emergents Rural Emergent Mobile Youth User Profile What influences Rural Emergents? Key Trend #2 Mobile Number Portability Accelerates Churn Key Trend #3 Youth Rural Emergents www. mobileyouth. org phone: 44 (0) 207 386 3635 Josh. [emailprotected] org Mobile Youth Trends India Report 2010 Key Trend #4 The Rise of Mobile Internet VAS breakdown of services Mobile Social Networking by City Customer Profiles www. mobileyouth. org phone: 44 (0) 207 386 3635 Josh. [emailprotected] org Mobile Youth Trends India Report 2010 Action Plan What are the key action points for mobile companies in India? Appendix Data Tables 1. Youth population by age group 5-9, 10-14, 15-18, 19-24 and 25-29 years, 2006 to 2010 2. Youth mobile ownership by age group 5-9, 10-14, 15-18, 19-24 and 25-29 years, 2006 to 2010 3. Youth mobile penetration by age group 5-9, 10-14, 15-18, 19-24 and 25-29 years, 2006 to 2010 4. Youth mobile churn rates by age group 5-9, 10-14, 15-18, 19-24 and 25-29 years, 2006 to 2010 5. Youth Average spend on mobile 2006 to 2010 6. Mobile spend on data and voice calls split by age group 5-9, 10-14, 15-18, 19-24 and 25-29 years, 2006 to 2010 Who should read this report? www. mobileyouth. rg phone: 44 (0) 207 386 3635 Josh. [emailprotected] org Mobile Youth Trends India Report 2010 * Business managers developing a value proposition or marketing plan to create internal change or focus internal resources on youth related projects * Product managers tasked with driving uptake with young consumers * Segment managers who want to understand the steps necessary to maximise customer value * Strategists deve loping execution roadmap for youth related business units Methodology The annual mobileYouth reports are a combination of quantitative and qualitative research. obileYouth provides in-depth analysis of issues facing companies engaging with young consumers worldwide. Each report covers a single strategic subject areasubjects deemed worthy of detailed analysis by   our clients, major industry players who use our studies in their  strategic  planning. Each report sets up the issues and market conditions, describes the players, cites the market factors, and projects marketplace trends. Written clearly and concisely, each report makes full use of charts and graphs to present market data and projections. It is important for us that our information is as reusable as possible and where required charts, tables and graphs are presented in a format which can be easily extracted and re-used in presentations and reports. First launched in 2001, mobileYouth is an ongoing study of the behavioural and consumption trends of young people worldwide hence there is no project start or end date – all research work is ongoing and we are increasing the use of video interviews so that our clients can hear directly from what young people are telling them. Our research approach is the same for each study, a typical report begins with a scan of our internal databases and secondary sourcesthe fastest www. mobileyouth. org phone: 44 (0) 207 386 3635 Josh. [emailprotected] org Mobile Youth Trends India Report 2010 way for an analyst to review current market conditions. Next, analysts conduct primary interviews in the marketplace to cross-check secondary sources and gather additional data for a preliminary market assessment. We then compile the baseline information and use it to build a tentative market odel. We size the market, determine upside/downside market potential, and look for factors that could alter future market conditions. At this stage, we often feed discrete findings back to knowledgeable industry players to test assumptions. We then test the markets assumptions against what young consumers are telling us in our qualitative research. Each year we interview thousands of young people and in some cases their parents across 20 c ountries including UK, USA, Germany, Japan, China, India, Singapore, South Africa etc. In 2008 we added Ukraine, Philippines, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Brazil and Malaysia due to meet client needs. Finally, the findings go through an internal review, where senior staff members probe and challenge assumptions. Only upon a satisfactory conclusion of this review is the study deemed ready for our thorough editorial process and final publication. About the Authors Born in the UK, Graham Brown has spent his life living and working in both London and Tokyo. A keen psychology graduate, Graham has focused his marketing career on understanding what influences consumer behavior. Graham established mobileYouth in 2001 with Josh Dhaliwal at a time when the blanket industry response to youth was â€Å"we don’t do kids†. Needless to say, things have changed a little since then and Graham’s role in the organization has evolved from knocking on the doors of operators to maintaining the research momentum and deepening our understanding of what the consumer wants. As well as speaking at industry conferences on the subject of young www. mobileyouth. org phone: 44 (0) 207 386 3635 Josh. [emailprotected] org Mobile Youth Trends India Report 2010 consumers, Graham has appeared on CNBC, Sky, CNN and BBC TV regarding youth marketing issues as well as in print with the FT, Guardian, WSJ and the Sunday Times. Samyak Chakrabarty is amongst the countrys youngest Media Entrepreneurs. While being the only Indian Youth Marketer at the ‘Global Youth Research Partnership’, He has spoken at various national and international forums on Youth behaviour engagement strategies.

The Ministers Black Veil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Ministers Black Veil - Essay Example Milton Stewart’s comment is remarkable in this regard, â€Å"Evil will forever reign over good, for the peccable, weak souls of todays youth are for more intelligent than any of us will ever be.† Nathaniel Hawthorne has incorporated this theme in some of his works of great significance, for instance, ‘The Scarlet Letter’ and ‘Young Goodman Brown’. Hawthorne through his work ‘The Minister’s Black Veil’ tends to identify individual flaw with universal character of mankind using a symbol, which hides the physical but reveals the abstract. The short story of Hawthorne uses the black veil as a symbol, which gains prominence in the very title of the story. The black veil predominates the very plot and theme of the story. The story initiates in front of the church where the funeral ceremony of a young maiden is being held and the minister appears with a black veil covering more than half of his face. Only his mouth and chin were visible and the onlookers search for the reason behind it. When he bends over the maiden the veil hangs such that if the corpse’s eyes are open she can see his face. This again raises a question about the reason why he is hiding his face and what his â€Å"secret sin† is. He immediately catches the veil with his hand to keep the face covered. Even his wife cannot get a definite answer and the minister declares that he is going to wear the veil throughout his life. Many critics have questioned the purpose of using the veil but according to Carnochan, the black veil serves more as a à ¢â‚¬Å"symbol of symbols† than simply a â€Å"parable of guilt†. The purpose of the veil is to reflect a meaning on one hand and on the other, hide it – â€Å"inviting speculation and resisting it† (Freedman, 354). Once the face is revealed the significance of the veil will be lost. The purpose of using the veil in the story is to initiate emotions of an individual. The plot tactfully reveals the curiosity of the townspeople,

Global goverance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Global goverance - Essay Example Globally, people were living in peace and harmony; they openly and freely were visiting to almost all states of the world. During the visits, they did not give much consideration to the issues such as caste, color, race, religion and other social, political and religious factors. Without any fear; they were sharing their beliefs and ideas with one another. Even if, they came across that a particular person belongs to a specific religious or political identity, it was not given much importance. However, soon after the attacks of 9/11, a new frame of mind came into existence. Extremist groups do not differentiate between an innocent people and their targets. Extremist groups can be extremist individuals, terrorist outfits, and hostile governments. Terrorists cannot be limited to one particular nation, tribe, sect, religion; rather they can come from any side of the social spectrum. They can be local, national, international groups. And these groups do not much differentiate between a t arget and an innocent person. To achieve their inhumane objectives, which they venerate and support them with their illogical religious or political backgrounds, they can go to any extent. However, in the recent history, the trend in the terrorist attacks has been international rather than national. In which, they have mercilessly targeted to innocent persons as well. To increase the fear of terrorism, they have implied in their attacks that the higher the number of casualties the more fearful would be nations and their leaders as well. It is their agenda to create the environment of fear and threat under which liberty remains at threat. For attaining these cruel objectives, terrorists have targeted the civilians and military targets in the recent history. But, worse thing is that, they are targeting more soft targets than the hard one-military targets. In the recent history, after the 9/11 attacks, they have attacked on Bali, London, Mumbai and certain other cities of the world sho wing a complete disrespect for the international law and humanitarian values. From their terrorist activities; it looks like they have a clear cut agenda to rule over the certain part of the world with the use of force, threat, intimidation and violence. They legalize their every inhumane violent action by providing authenticity either from a religious scripture or from a social or political point of view. In the recent attacks, they have clearly shown that they have their set of rules and regulations. On the basis of their rules and regulations, they define their inhumane actions and determine their course of actions at the cost of the international laws. The tenets of international laws, human and social, cultural, political, ethnic, religious values and norms have no meaning for them. They do not give significance to these human values rather they disrespect and use them in order to achieve their terrorist aims and objectives. It is this mentality that has increased the air of vi olence, threat, intimation and law and order situation globally. No country is safe and secure from this kind of frame of mind. This is the worst form of extremism that is rapidly increasing in the certain religious identities of the world. It is this mentality that have fuelled to the fire of terrorism and violence, which is not limited to any single state of the world. Slowly and gradually, it has targeted almost every nation of the world if not physically but

The Structure and Development of Nigerian Economy Essay

The Structure and Development of Nigerian Economy - Essay Example The current president Umaru Yar'Adua came to power following a controversial election in 2007. The economy of Nigeria has always been dominated by Petroleum accounting for about 25 percent of GDP. 90 percent of exports consist of petroleum and related products and 70 percent of government revenue comes from Oil. But lately its dependence on oil is set to change due to the constant disturbance in the delta region making oil production difficult. About 65% of the population is engaged in agricultural activities. The Economic reform in Nigeria started in year 2000, but the growth has been very slow throughout the country. Corruption remains pervasive despite progress made by the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission. -The paper aims to examine the overall economic development in Nigeria after its independence. The paper looks in detail how far the natural resources in Nigeria like petroleum, oil and gas sectors has helped the economic development of the country. It will also do an analysis of whether Nigeria depends too much upon the oil sector which provides 95% of its export earnings, and how this factor has weakened its agricultural potential. What are the major factors that contributed growth of Nigerian economy as a whole and what are the driving forces of Nigerian economy What are the underlying weaknesses of Nigeria as a country How corruption in Nigerian governmental agencies has affected the growth of Nigeria in all spheres. Objectives: To evaluate overall economic development in Nigeria for the last 5years (i.e. GDP rates, inflation or deflation, interest rates, movement of cash flow; rate of the Unemployment; and macroeconomic performance of the whole country). To analyze the growth of the petroleum, oil & gas sector, how far this growth has affected government revenue & economic development of the country. To discuss the trend in unemployment rate within the last 5years and evaluate whether the petroleum & gas sectors has any impact on such trend. Analyze problems in development of the economy due to lack of attention of government in agriculture & rural areas. To evaluate the various initiatives taken by the Nigerian Government to tackle the issues that hampers the economical growth of the country. (Erhiawarien). Work Cited Index of Economic Freedom: 2008. The Heritage Foundation. 2008. 16 Apr. 2008. . Nigeria: General Information. MBendi Information for Africa. 23 Aug. 2006. 16 Apr. 2008. . Nigeria: Economy. 16 Apr. 2008. . Country briefings Nigeria: History in Brief. Economist.com. Business friendly. 15 Nov. 2004. 16 Apr. 2008. . Erhiawarien, Mercy. Master's Dissertation Proposal - Nigeria's NEEDS, an Analysis of the NEEDS Policy. 16 Apr. 2008.

Analysing adverts concerning teenagers Essay Example for Free

Analysing adverts concerning teenagers Essay Regimentally they are set out. Their objective is to lure unsuspecting teenagers into their false world of glitter and glam. You cant step into a newsagent without being boldly glared at by bright, eye-catching headlines I caught my boyfriend wearing my bra! My best mate snogged my Dad and Sister was shot on my doorstep and grinned at by smiling, laughing, almost emaciated, glamorous models, all adorning the cover of a teenage magazine. Bliss, J-17, Sugar and more, priced roughly two pounds, setting up icons of the famous, and dealing out hard criticism of everything un-cool. Teenagers are shown as shallow, one advert listed lip gloss as one of the six most needed things in life, alongside being a girl, slutty, Snog him, then dump him, and obsessed with their images, Look cool, whenever. Teenagers are seen as the main consumers, in an industry worth seventy million pounds, so the magazines try to entice readers to become regular subscribers. Celebrities and models give off an inaccessible image of self-assuredness, beauty and having perfect lives, unfairly giving the average reader an unobtainable icon to aim to make themselves duplicates of. Readers are attracted to a ludicrous parody of perfection, and are even encouraged to model themselves upon. School, careers and politics are only spoken of with scorn, or misguided efforts to make them seem acceptable, but mostly are seen as taboo subjects, ridiculed and forgotten, when these are really very important issues on todays world, and this omission only adds to the fai Ade of a faultless world. Parents are seen as objects rather than people, inhuman units who freely deal out money, work as their daughters slaves, and are the very limit of un-coolness. It is however, their money which pays for copies of magazines to be brought, and for the seemingly endless fashion pages to be brought for. When in reality, some girls scrape together two pounds each month, the ideals shown by magazines present a certainly well-off if not rich teenager. Love, and boys, are also seen as objects. Obtainable, but only on your terms. Love is as, or even more important than life, shown by the size of its allocation in the monthly horoscopes. Boys are stereotyped just as much as girls, and are seen as items to drape over the fashionable young females arm, to be bent to their will, and then dumped once they cease to amaze one, or perform one the sexual side of things. However, if this where true, surely there wouldnt be so many problem pages and letters titled such as He says hell hit me if I dont do as he says, or He says he will dump me if I dont sleep with him, where exclusively for a few scant pages in this girl power propaganda, boys are dominating scumbags. Sex, support of, and caution against, conflict across the glossy pages. Some serious reports are posted on the subject, but most subtle messages reek from the pages, all directing towards sex being acceptable, accept the tiny print across the bottom of the page, scrawled on to keep legal, of Be sure, be safe, sex under 16 is illegal. These contradictory messages are enforced by the adverts, which make up 27% of an average magazine, which show Wonderbra adverts, which suggest that females better equipped in the chest area are more probable to get a taxi on New Years Eve, a naked man and woman hugging with bottles of perfume, and images of insect thin big chested women everywhere, which all conclude in a teens uniqueness and individuality being suppressed or smothered by advice from people who arent even teenagers themselves. The language used in teenage magazines consists mostly of made up words and slang. In an eternally optimistic tone, glazing over any descriptions of anything less than forever cheerful and optimistic voices and messages. Alliterations litter the pages, along with similes and metaphors. Slang is used liberally, and several words such as totty, slap-happy and vampish, spring up amongst Smug sistas, cleavage queens and needy chicks Magazines are giving teenagers what they have been trained by previous issues to want and think they need. They are manipulating and hindering teenagers, in their beliefs and lives,. They assume, wrongly, that all of girl kind want to be the same. , and do not even address alternatives lifestyles, except to ridicule and ostracize them. Magazines are becoming more and more risqui , indulging in speculation and addressing less and less of the real problems of the world teenagers are having to grow up in. They are suited more to what adults think teenagers are like, and what they desire, and a stereotype of typicality, than to those who pay their pocket money out each month, to see behind the glossy front covers, read and gasp in adoration and wonder, feel for the real-life stories and laugh at mishaps. All they are really doing is limiting, destroying and suppressing their true selves.

The Business Environment Of Toyota Cars Marketing Essay

The Business Environment Of Toyota Cars Marketing Essay Business strategy can be achieved by observing both internal and external environment factors of the organisation (Kotler, 2003). SWOT and PESTLE are tools to find out the position, status and the future of the business and its strategy, and the factors of macro environment highlights the present and future problems which may an organisation can suffer (Morrison, 2006). Environmental audit/scanning has been defines by Pilbeam Corbridge, (2002) The process through which managers as the organisation strategists use different tools and perception to constantly gather and feedback information about the environment to inform decision maker. Moreover it has been describes that environmental scanning is linked with the performance of organisation because through environmental scanning the company will be in a position to get direction for the future present and may for future(Thomas et al, 1993). Below are the main factors which effect the environment of an organisation. The writer has analysed these factors in the Toyota and studied their mission, strategies and customer service which reflect that in automobile industry as Toyota is world leading company in providing maximum best customer service, quality in products and maximum satisfaction to each and every customer. The writer feel that there is a proper coordination of work and its seems to be a strong culture in the line of company suppliers, staff, customers, competitors, and other company stake holders like partners and investors. External Factors/Macro Environment: Ireland et al, (2008) described external environment as general environment. Political, economic, social and demographic, technological, global are those forces which effects strategy of an organisation. These forces help to scan the business environment (Morrison, 2006). Environmental scanning is tool for monitoring and evaluating forces which effect organisation long term goal and its strategy. Micro environment can impact on companies internal factors for business process such as employee and customer satisfaction. Therefore new strategy of an organisation needs to be defined according to new macro environmental changes which come from Pestle forces. Impact of Economic Factors on Business Strategy: Both external and internal factors affect the environment of the business in all aspects. According to case study below are some economic forces which effect Toyota business worldwide: Economic Growth: If the ability of a country increases in the line of economic stability it mean the country has ability to increase high product because there is a high demand. Economic growth also reflect high purchasing power of the consumers that is why the economic growth has double impact on the economics of the country one side the manufacturer and producer has to produce more because the chance of high profit as it reflect there is a demand. If economic growth and development goes down in the country where Toyota is operating their services then it will affect Toyota in term of sales and production (Economic Notes, 2007). For example 1995 Toyota started small plant in southwest Indiana and within 10 years its growth and production increases to double (Kaelble, (2007). Business is affected by the economic situations, on-going recession which is unpredictable in the United Kingdom and worldwide as many companies have suffered. In the beginning 2010 Toyota was also affected by recession, and the company has to cut down its costs and slow down many operations which brought Toyota in loss (Krish, 2009). Inflation Rate: Inflation is a condition of increasing prices. It effects economy of country badly and distort consumers behaviour towards products. High rate of inflation increase stress for organisation future plans and living standards of people (LasanthaW, 2010). According to report inflation rate in United Kingdom Increased to 4% and this increase will bring instability in every business. Business costs will rise for the products which have been outsourcing (BBC, 2011). For Toyota through inflation, menu costs, services costs and other costs will rise. Therefore, the business environment internally and externally has to demonstrate properly in the line of new pricing strategy. Exchange rates: As Toyota is world largest company and operating in different countries and as operating a business at international level the exchange rate is another factor in economic conditions that have effected on the business strategy of Toyota. As currency rates differs due to economic condition of the country and world business depends on US economy. Toyota management needs to keep an eye on the exchange rate in order to get the cheap but high quality products and material to serve their customers (Sloman and Sutcliffe, 2004). Globalisation: Globalisation is fast growing impact in world as Levitt, (1983) said all companies have to learn in the global world by understanding national, international and regional differences and have to develop product and service according to new shifts which are exists in the global economy. In Levitt research it has been highlight that all the changes in this world are due to new paradigm and phenomenon of globalisation. Morrison, (2006) states that demographic change in the world has brought world together on one platform as one large market and this happens because of globalisation. Skill Level of Work Force: The unemployment rate is that rate determined by the structural and frictional forces in the economy which cannot be reduced by raising aggregate demand Pearce, 1989, p. 296(Goliath, 2008). The economy of country will be more productive if the education level of people living in that country is high. If the people of the country are educated, they can develop new industries and technologies. Education is key factor to economic survival. It can pioneer new areas for jobs. Companies always need new skills thats the reason every company train its staff for future investment (Coughlan, 2004). Impact of Social Factors on New Business strategy: Same as economic factors business is affected by social factors below are some highlighted factors: Population Growth: Morrison, (2006) states that population is not still, it keeps on changing all the time. These changes are in form of increase or decrease in death, birth or migration rate. These demographic changes have long term effect on society and businesses. According to U.S Census Bureau, 2010 population in the world is increasing dramatically by report population in next 30 years will go up to approximately 3 billion. This demographic change affect the business market and every business try to move to the place where growth rate and buying power is high. E.g. in china population growth rate is high and every business starts from there. Attitude: Attitude is the important factor in customer service industry. Attitude and behaviour are those social factors which help organisation to improve its customer service. Attitude affects all the areas of business like customers, staff, suppliers and investors. If having positive attitude customer want to spend money on product and vice versa. But in the 21st century economic conditions should be taken along with positive attitude to perform well in market (Makin, 2009). Location: Location is one of the important social factors in business. Before starting business companies take surveys to analyse the focus of customers in that area. Main purpose of these surveys is to identify the right product for right area. For instance a report published by Kaelble, S (2007) in Indiana business magazine that how Toyota moved forward within ten years when it set up its plants in southwest Indiana. Culture: Culture has great impact on any business as it refers to the values, norms, and beliefs adopted over a period of time through mutual interaction and the history (Morrison, 2006).Impact of cultural globalisation effect the business as due to cultural difference between England and United States Toyota is selling left hand drive cars while in England is right hand (Levitt 1983). Strategy for Business Effectiveness of Toyota: All the above factors play a major role in determine the competitiveness of an organisation. The ability of an organisation is to forecast the business environment and drafting alternative plans for business growth and stability is important. If the history of Toyota will be taken into account company has done well in its career of production and quality but in past few years Toyota has got many problems in its manufacturing system and lost billions of dollars. Based on their policy of Customer First and sustaining the position Toyota came up with a strategy to recall its cars to give their customers extra care. According to report published by newspaper Toyota recalled its millions of cars because of defects in their manufacturing and decided to give their money back to the customer, for not telling their customer of these defects in the vehicles. Though it has affected company economically but Toyota has gained loyalty of his customer (www.bbc.co.uk). So, Toyota strategy has significant impact on social behaviour of the customer in the line of future demands. Report published by BBC on July (2009) Apart from that Toyota had done great for its future plans; company is manufacturing eco-friendly hybrid cars and achieving great efficiency. Company believes that eco-cars can have a positive impact on the environment only if they are widely used. According to company statement: TMC will continue to improve the fuel efficiency of its conventional combustion-engine cars, which account for the majority of its sales, while raising performance ,reducing costs and expanding the companys product lineup(Costea, 2010). Therefore the eco-friendly strategy is basically the co-corporate social responsibility. this type of strategy increasing company awareness as according to research in USA and Australia 84% consumers demanding the goods if the company responding the positively to the environment, then they said we buy the products. So, eco-friendly cars of Toyota are diverting attention of consumers socially. In North America Toyota has strategy of increase product sale by targeting young customers. Consumers has loyalty about the brand and company has got great reputation in term of quality and low prices thats why in 2002 one-fourth of its profit was gained from North America. Toyota has best manufacturing facility and great relations with their suppliers. Moreover company is losing money in Europe but their new strategy is to manufacture more cars on regional scale and compete in formula one race. According to Rugman and Collinson, (2006) Toyota is a mainly efficient and competent company at outsourcing for production and with other suppliers by enjoying friendly and long term relationship. Toyota has made sustainable mobility and environmental leadership core principles of its business strategy for future growth. As part of this strategy, Toyota is pursuing a broad range of technologies, each representing a step forward in reducing the environmental impact of automobiles. Alternative fuel sources, such as bio fuels, will play key role and these cars made to lower down environmental damage and co2 emission (www.toyota.eu). That is why Toyota brand is also diverting attention of market because of its quality and reputations. These factors help Toyota to boost their economy socially in future sales. Writer thinks that the interesting thing in Toyota is to know about the secret of its success in the market. According to Morgan Liker (2006) hard work, educated staff and their motivational teamwork within specific process are the key success factors of Toyota. This process is so called sociotechnical system (STS), was introduces in 1970 and 1980. STS describe itself as the secret behind the success of an organisation is to know about social and technical factor and their impact on external environment. Companys production system is also developed from STS which bring company in that position that it can achieve its external goals like social, economic and technological goals (Rodrick, D.2007).